NEURO PRACTICE FINAL

Which structure or hairs would be more sensitive when going up or down in an elevator?

Sensations on the skin are detected by cutaneous receptors.

Fast receptors occur ___ after stimuli (__ seconds)

What is a consequence of damage to the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

What is another name for the eardrum?

What functions does the inner ear contribute to?

What is another name for the auditory tube?

What is most likely to cause Otitis Media (Ear infection) because it travels up the Auditory/Eustachian tube?

During swallowing and yawning, what opens allowing air to enter or leave the middle ear, equalizing with atmospheric air pressure in the middle ear?

Otitis Media is an inner ear infection.

What is Myopia?

If the right eye has a detached retina on the outer lower portion, what visual impairment might occur?

What is astigmatism?

What is the term for normal vision?

What is Presbyopia?

What are cataracts?

What is Presbycusis?

What is tinnitus?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

What are the stages of sleep?

What is required for the consolidation of memory from short term to long term? (Select all that apply)

Do second order neurons go from the PNS to the CNS?

Tensor Tympani is innervated by which cranial nerve (CN)?

Taste in the anterior tongue is detected by which of the following cranial nerves?

Taste in the epiglottis is detected by which cranial nerve?

Which of the following options is the Olfactory nerve?

The Vestibular nuclei (associated with balance) send commands to:

Which area has the highest visual acuity?

What is the function of Aqueous humor?

Constriction of circular muscles in the retina is innervated by which of the following?

Parts of the Brainstem include (select all that apply)

Is the RAS part of the Reticular Formation?

What does the RAS (Reticular Activating System) do?

Pitch and frequency are measured in what unit?

Volume is measured in which of the following?

Any sensation you are aware of goes to the?

What do mitral cells release?

Serotonin is made from which amino acid?

Sensation is the conscious and unconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli.

PERCEPTION is Conscious awareness and Interpretation of a sensation

Somatic sensory modalities (a type of general sense) include which of the following?

Somatic sensory modalities (a type of general sense) include (choose all that apply)

Visceral senses contain information about _____ _____.

ONLY _____ order neurons have Sensory Receptors

Which type of receptors detect stimuli?

What is the definition of adaptation?

Which structures are associated with static equilibrium in the body?

Semicircular ducts are filled with which substance?

Utricle and Saccule have a small thickened region called the:

Endolymph within the Ampulla

Semicircular ducts contain a swollen area called the:

What is plasticity?

What is a cataract?

Match the following characteristics with either Rods or Cones from the eye:

Which cranial nerves (CN) are associated with taste?

Which cranial nerve (CN) is the optic nerve?

Where is aqueous humor found?

Aqueous humor is replaced every 90 minutes but Vitreous humor is _____

Where is the iris located?

What is the function of the choroid?

What is the function of the Ciliary Body/Ciliary Process?

Which of the following statements about hyperacusis is NOT true?

What is NOT true about semicircular canals?

What is the primary function of the eyelids (palpebrae)?

What is the primary function of the Auditory/Eustachian tube?

Chemicals that have an odor and can therefore stimulate the olfactory hairs are called what?

Exteroceptors receive hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch, pressure, pain, vibration, temperature, and proprioception.

An increase in frequency leads to an:

The middle ear is a(n):

The Auricle is also called?

What is the function of the Lacrimal Apparatus?

What is the function of the eyebrows?

What is the function of the Tarsal Plate?

What is the function of the extrinsic eye muscles?

What is the primary function of the Tarsal (Meibomian) glands?

What is the function of the Conjunctiva?

What is the function of the iris?

What is the function of the retina?

What is the circular band of smooth muscle that alters the shape of the lens for near or far vision?

Watery fluid in the anterior cavity that helps nourish the lens and cornea, and helps maintain the shape of the eyeball is filled with vitreous humor.

What is the term for the white part of the eye that gives shape to the eyeball, makes it more rigid, and protects its inner parts?

Which part of the eye is avascular and includes the cornea and sclera?

What structure is located between the external auditory canal and the middle ear?

What is the name of the oval central portion of the bony labyrinth that contains the utricle and saccule?

Which receptor is responsible for static equilibrium and contributes to some aspects of dynamic equilibrium, consisting of hair cells and supporting cells?

What is the correct term for the combination of Malleus, Incus, and Stapes?

Which tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx for pressure equalization?

Which structure contains the Spiral organ?

What is the fluid found within the membranous labyrinth that creates pressure waves, causing vibration of the basilar membrane?

What is the collective term for the receptor organs responsible for equilibrium, including the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals?

What is the swollen enlargement in semicircular canals that contains structures involved in dynamic equilibrium?

What is the name of the opening between the middle ear and the internal ear that is enclosed by a membrane called the secondary tympanic membrane?

What is the flap of elastic cartilage covered by skin that captures sound waves

What is the fluid found inside the bony labyrinth that bulging of the oval window causes pressure waves in?

What is the name of the opening between the middle and inner ear that receives the base of the stapes?

Dermal Papillae of Glabrous Skin (aka Hairless skin) is associated with which receptor?

Meissner Corpuscles are abundant in what parts of the body? (Choose all that apply)

Meissner Corpuscles detect:

Merkel Discs detect:

Where are Merkel Discs located in the body?

Match Type I Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors and Type II Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors with the correct sensory receptors:

Where in the body are Ruffini corpuscles found? (Choose all that apply)

Ruffini Corpuscles detect touch and pressure.

Which of the following detects higher-frequency vibrations?

Where are Joint Kinesthetic Receptors (Jt Kinesthetic Receptors) located?

Jt Kinesthetic Receptors detect:

Cold receptors are attached to:

Warm receptors are attached to:

Cold receptors are more numerous and found more superficial than warm receptors.

What is the route of light entering the eye?

What is the correct flow of tears in the tear drainage system?

Which type of receptors are located in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear?

Which type of receptors are located in blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and the nervous system?

What type of receptors detect temperature changes?

What type of receptors detect light that strikes the retina of the eye?

What are the receptors located at or near the external surface of the body called?

Which of the following types of nerve endings are bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal sensations, tickle, itch, and some touch sensation?

What type of receptors sense the osmotic pressures of body fluids?

Which type of receptors detect chemicals in the mouth, nose, and body fluids?

Which type of receptors are responsible for detecting mechanical pressure or distortion?

Which receptors respond to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissues?

What are dendrites enclosed in a connective tissue capsule called?

Pacinian corpuscles detect lower-frequency vibrations.

What is a key difference between the Posterior Column – Medial Lemniscus Pathway and the Spinothalamic Pathway?

Where does the crossover occur within the Spinothalamic Pathways?

Where does the crossover occur within the Posterior Column – Medial Lemniscus Pathway?

Nerve impulses that are detected by _____ ____ originate from the face, nasal cavity, and oral cavity consist of a ____-neuron set.

What is the KEY difference between Direct Motor Pathways and Indirect Motor Pathways?

What are the 3 tracts that consist within the Direct Motor Pathways?

Match the Indirect Motor Pathways to their functions: