Labour Mobility Mechanics
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Questions and Answers

What must be justified for an employer to initiate changes in working conditions?

  • Personal preferences of employees
  • Increase in production demands
  • General market trends
  • ETOP reasons related to business activity (correct)
  • If an employee does not want to accept a change in their working conditions and chooses to resign, what compensation do they receive?

  • 20 days of salary per year worked, up to 9 months
  • Unemployment benefits
  • Full severance pay
  • No compensation (correct)
  • What type of modifications can be made to working conditions according to the regulations?

  • Individual or collective modifications (correct)
  • Only collective modifications
  • Only salary modifications
  • Modifications without any justification
  • For substantial modifications in working conditions, which of the following is NOT considered a substantial modification?

    <p>Modifying annual leave policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors must be considered when calculating compensations upon contract termination for not accepting a change?

    <p>Both B and C are correct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of functional mobility within a professional group?

    <p>It allows unilateral task changes by the employer without a stipulated reason. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition for vertical functional mobility?

    <p>Changes can be based solely on the employer's discretion and not require any reason. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ius variandi' refer to in the context of functional mobility?

    <p>The employer's power to unilaterally change the tasks of employees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario of functional mobility must limits always respect the dignity of the workers?

    <p>In both horizontal and vertical changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general limit that an employer must adhere to when changing a worker's tasks?

    <p>Respecting the dignity of the worker. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is accurate regarding accidental changes during a labor relationship?

    <p>They do not affect the essential elements of the contract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario constitutes a descendant vertical change in functional mobility?

    <p>A worker is moved from a supervisory role to a non-supervisory role. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the limits imposed by the generic definition of professional groups in functional mobility?

    <p>They govern the overall working conditions and content of the tasks performed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary condition for an objective dismissal due to functional mobility?

    <p>The worker's inability must not be attributed to lack of skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can a worker’s job role be changed according to the specified limits?

    <p>Only for technical or organizational justifications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be communicated to the company representative regarding changes in worker roles?

    <p>The justification for the change made by the employer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the preservation of the job imply in the context of worker capacity?

    <p>Workers must have skills to adapt to a new position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of professional qualifications in job changes?

    <p>They must match the task being assigned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about economic rights when a worker is assigned inferior tasks?

    <p>The salary must remain the same as before. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines contractual limits in worker agreements?

    <p>They are bilateral but must respect legal boundaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of limits are established through general agreements?

    <p>Conventional limits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed when communicating changes made by the employer?

    <p>The employer’s reasons are presumed to be valid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for any changes in job performance to comply with legal standards?

    <p>The changes must uphold the dignity of workers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a transfer as individual rather than collective?

    <p>It affects less than 10% of workers in a company with 100-300 workers. (A), It affects less than 10 workers in a company with less than 100 workers. (C), It affects less than 30 workers in a company with more than 300 workers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals has priority to remain in their jobs during a transfer?

    <p>Workers' representatives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the consultation period, what is the maximum time allocated for discussions between worker representatives and the company?

    <p>15 days. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can an individual challenge a company’s transfer decision?

    <p>If one worker disagrees with the transfer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a displacement?

    <p>A change in workplace location and residence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 90-day period mentioned in the content?

    <p>It assesses the impact of the transfer on the workforce. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a transfer to be classified as collective?

    <p>It must concern 10% of workers in the company. (A), It must affect the entire workplace. (B), It must involve more than 10 workers in total. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option does NOT qualify as a group with priority during job transfers?

    <p>New hires. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does jurisprudence determine regarding displacements?

    <p>The distance of the new workplace from the current residence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an agreement is reached within the consultation period?

    <p>The transfer will proceed as planned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prerequisite for requesting a promotion after 8 months in a vertical ascendant mobility?

    <p>The worker must have completed a year of satisfactory performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in vertical descendant mobility when a worker is assigned an inferior task?

    <p>The worker's salary remains the same. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of geographic mobility in the context of employment?

    <p>It constitutes a change in the worker's designated workplace. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can a worker be legally transferred according to Art 40 WS?

    <p>Economic, technical, organizational, or production reasons justify the move. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal rights are established when a transfer requires a change of residence?

    <p>The worker is entitled to financial compensation for the move. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does NOT apply for a transfer greater than 36 km or over 20% of salary costs?

    <p>The worker must decline the transfer if it involves relocation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reassignment, what does a change of destination imply?

    <p>The worker takes on a different role at a different work center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'displacement' specifically refer to in mobility contexts?

    <p>The worker's relocation to a different geographic area for job purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between transfer and reassignment in employment terms?

    <p>Transfer involves a change of workplace or residence, reassignment does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a type of geographic mobility mentioned?

    <p>Voluntary job change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Work Performance Evaluation

    The worker's performance must be measured and evaluated based on specific criteria, such as quality, efficiency, and compliance with deadlines.

    Retribution

    The compensation received by the worker for performing their job responsibilities. It can take various forms, such as salary, wages, bonuses, or commissions.

    Timing of Work Performance

    The timeframe within which the work must be completed. This can be defined by specific deadlines, project timelines, or work schedules.

    Legal Circumstances of Work

    The worker's legal rights regarding their work, including employment contracts, working conditions, and dispute resolution processes. These rights are typically established by labor laws and regulations.

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    Professional Rights

    The worker's professional qualifications, skills, and experience are recognized and respected in the workplace. It emphasizes a focus on competence and ethical work practices.

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    Supervening Ineptitude

    The possibility that a worker may not adapt to a new role or job responsibilities, potentially leading to a decline in performance or inefficacy. In such situations, the worker's skills, experience, or training may not be suitable for the new position.

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    Objective Dismissal

    A type of dismissal from employment that is initiated by the employer for reasons related to the employee's lack of skills, expertise, or ability to perform the required tasks effectively.

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    Job Changes Based on Business Reasons

    Changes or modifications to the worker's job responsibilities or working conditions due to business-related reasons. These changes are typically made to improve efficiency, adapt to market changes, or address organizational issues.

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    Duration of Job Changes

    The duration of a job change or assignment. This clarifies whether the change is intended to be temporary or permanent in nature.

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    Control of Company Decisions Regarding Job Changes

    Measures taken to ensure that decisions made by the employer regarding job changes are fair and legitimate. These measures may include providing opportunities for employee feedback, consulting with worker representatives, and adhering to transparency guidelines.

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    Displacement

    A change in workplace location, work type, and residence. The exact distance for this change is not specifically defined by law, but by jurisprudence.

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    Transfer

    A shift in workplace within the same company, often involving adjustments to work tasks. It typically involves a change of location but not necessarily a change of residence.

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    Individual Transfer

    A transfer is considered individual if it affects fewer than 10 employees within 90 days in a company with fewer than 100 employees.

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    Collective Transfer

    A transfer is considered collective if it affects 10 or more employees within 90 days in a company with fewer than 100 employees.

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    Individual Transfer (Medium Company)

    A transfer is considered individual if it affects less than 10% employees within 90 days in a company with 100-300 employees.

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    Collective Transfer (Medium Company)

    A transfer is considered collective if it affects 10% or more employees within 90 days in a company with 100-300 employees.

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    Individual Transfer (Large Company)

    A transfer is considered individual if it affects fewer than 30 employees within 90 days in a company with more than 300 employees.

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    Collective Transfer (Large Company)

    A transfer is considered collective if it affects 30 or more employees within 90 days in a company with more than 300 employees.

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    Consultation Period

    A period of 15 days for discussion between employee representatives and the company regarding a transfer. This is the time for exploring measures, motives, and potential alternatives.

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    Collective Conflict

    If an employee disagrees with the proposed transfer, they may take legal action against the company. This is known as a collective conflict.

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    Transfer (in labor)

    A type of functional mobility where a worker is moved to a different workplace within the same company, often requiring a change of residence. This can be temporary or permanent and is justified by economic, technical, organizational, or production reasons.

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    Geographic Mobility

    Involves changing the workplace or residence of a worker due to various circumstances. This can be temporary or permanent.

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    Vertical Ascendant Mobility

    A type of functional mobility where an employee progresses to a higher position within a company, typically after a certain period of time, with a corresponding increase in salary.

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    Vertical Descendant Mobility

    A type of functional mobility involving a change in role to a lower position within a company. The worker's salary remains the same, although there are no specific time limits for this type of mobility.

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    Reassignment (In Labor)

    A type of transfer that involves a shift in job responsibilities, location, and potentially, the work center.

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    Workplace (in employment)

    The place where a worker performs their duties. It can range from traditional offices to itinerant workplaces like sales representatives who work in different locations. It can be defined in an employment contract.

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    Compensation for Transfer (Labor Law)

    The legal right of a worker to receive compensation or protection when their work location changes due to a transfer, especially if it significantly impacts their daily life. This can be seen as a balance between the employer's needs and the worker's well-being.

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    Jurisprudence of Transfers

    Legal principles that guide the interpretation and application of labor laws, particularly in relation to transfers. This can include guidelines on the acceptable distance for transfers, the proportion of workdays affected, or the percentage of salary impact.

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    Right to Sue for Unjustified Non-promotion

    The right of an employee to seek legal action if they are denied a promotion after fulfilling the required criteria, like time in service, and are forced to perform tasks that do not match their current position. This is particularly relevant if the worker is performing higher-level tasks without appropriate recognition or compensation.

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    ETOP reasons for transfer

    The legal reasons that justify a transfer, such as economic needs, technical improvements, organizational restructuring, or increased production. These reasons must be legitimate and documented to ensure the transfer is legally valid.

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    Substantial Mobility in Employment

    This type of workplace change involves significant alterations to the terms of employment, going beyond minor adjustments. It may affect key aspects like working hours, pay structure, tasks, or performance requirements.

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    ETOP Reasons for Substantial Mobility

    The employer must have valid business reasons for implementing substantial mobility. These reasons are known as ETOP (economic, technical, organizational, or production) reasons. Think of them as justifiable business needs.

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    Examples of Substantial Modifications

    Examples of things that might be considered substantial modifications include changes to the daily work schedule, shift patterns, how your pay is calculated, performance goals, or taking on new responsibilities that exceed your current skillset.

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    Worker Options with Substantial Mobility

    In the event of substantial mobility changes, the worker has the option to accept the changes, reject them and terminate the contract, or pursue legal action. Each choice has implications.

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    Termination Payment for Substantially Modified Contracts

    If the worker terminates the contract after substantial mobility changes, they are entitled to a substantial termination payment based on their work history. This is calculated as 20 days of salary per year worked, up to 9 months of salary.

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    Functional Mobility

    The ability of an employer to assign different tasks or functions to an employee, regardless of their initial hiring purpose. This allows for flexibility in work assignments within the same professional group or across different groups.

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    Horizontal Functional Mobility

    Changing an employee's tasks within the same professional group. The employer can make this decision unilaterally, without needing a specific reason. This usually involves changes in the employee's responsibilities or workload but does not fundamentally alter their job role.

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    Vertical Functional Mobility

    Changing an employee's tasks to a different professional group, either ascending to a higher level or descending to a lower level. This requires specific reasons, such as technical or organizational needs, and requires communication with worker representatives.

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    Heteronomous Limits

    Limits on functional mobility that arise from the legal framework of the labor relationship. These limits define the scope of work an employee can be assigned to based on their professional group and the specific skills required for the role.

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    Autonomous Limits

    Limits on functional mobility that stem from the employee's personal characteristics, such as their skills, experience, and physical limitations. This helps to protect employees and ensures they are not assigned tasks that exceed their capabilities or pose safety risks.

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    Good Contractual Faith

    A principle that guides the employer's decision-making in functional mobility. It emphasizes the importance of fairness, transparency, and respect in all changes made to employee work assignments. It ensures the decision is not arbitrary and doesn't violate the employee's rights.

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    Ius Variandi

    The employer's right to modify the employee's task within the same professional group. This is a key principle in functional mobility and allows for flexibility in work assignments.

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    Employer's Power to Change Tasks

    The power of the employer to unilaterally alter the employee's work tasks without necessarily justifying the changes. This right is subject to certain limitations, such as respecting the employee's dignity and contractual provisions.

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    Study Notes

    Labour Mobility

    • Functional mobility: An employer's ability to assign different tasks or functions to an employee, regardless of their initial hiring role. This can occur for various reasons, including changes in professional assignments, roles, or responsibilities.

    • Accidental changes: Changes to tasks or roles that fall outside of the core elements of an employment contract, with temporary or permanent effect. Employers can dictate these choices without needing justification within the original professional group (horizontal), including unilateral changes.

    • Horizontal changes: Alterations within the same professional group; no justification needed from the employer to change tasks or roles impacting worker dignity.

    • Vertical changes: Modifications to worker tasks that fall within a different professional group compared to the initial hiring group (ascendant or descendant), often related to technical or organizational reasons for a limited time. Requires notification to representatives, with limitations to respect worker dignity.

    • Geographic mobility: Changes in the physical location of work for employees. This can include transfers or displacement; reasons could be economic, technical, organizational, or production-related and have corresponding legal protections, such as the transfer of the workers job location to another workplace center, requiring relocation.

    • Substantial mobility: Significant changes to working conditions, including the work week, salary, performance systems, or shift work system.

      • These substantial modifications require outlined justification (e.g., business-related reasons).
      • This could be a unilateral change or, collectively agreed to change.
      • Workers have rights for compensation if they are affected by these changes.

    Limits of Functional Mobility

    • Heteronomous limits: Restrictions from the legal or contractual agreement of the job, and are determined by factors impacting worker professionalism and rights, preventing issues arising from a lack of worker qualification and ensuring workers job is maintained.

    • Autonomous limits: Legal limits for workers rights, and can be negotiated within contractual agreements but still abide by the general agreement.

    • Generic limits: Limits impacting worker group determination, roles, obligations, compensations, timings, and legal conditions of the labour relationship.

    • Specific limits: The basis and specific reasons for changes in tasks. Limits based on business necessity.

    • Duration: Temporary vs permanent.

    Types of Functional Mobility

    • Vertical ascendant: Promotion to a higher-level position within a company. Time parameters vary.

    • Vertical descendant: Movement to a lower-level position.

    • Transfer: Workers moved to different locations; it's a more comprehensive change to the workplace and more detailed than a simple transfer. Requires justification related to business needs or conditions.

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    Labour Mobility PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the principles of labour mobility, including functional, accidental, horizontal, and vertical changes in employee roles. Understand how these changes can impact employee responsibilities and worker dignity within an organization.

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