Laboratory Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Pipettes are used for measuring large volumes of liquid accurately.

False (B)

Graduated cylinders are primarily used for weighing substances.

False (B)

Centrifugation relies on gravity to separate components of a mixture.

False (B)

Fractional distillation is used to separate substances that have similar boiling points.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromatography includes techniques such as paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Titration involves mixing two solutions to determine the concentration of one of them.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used for measuring absorption of ultraviolet light.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Membrane filtration is a type of filtration used to separate solid particles from gases only.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used for identifying compounds based on their molecular mass.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrophoresis is a method used to separate neutral molecules in a gel under an electric field.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incubation in biological labs promotes the growth of microorganisms or cells at specific temperatures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microtomy involves the process of heating specimens to enhance microscopic examination.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Light microscopy allows for the observation of ultrastructural details using electron beams.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PH meters provide more precise measurements than pH indicators for acidity or alkalinity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vortexing is a technique primarily used for heating liquids in test tubes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vacuum evaporation is used for cooling solvents from mixtures under reduced pressure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gel electrophoresis separates and analyzes macromolecules based solely on size.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serial dilutions are commonly used to determine the concentration of bacterial cultures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Graduated Cylinder

Used to measure the volume of liquids accurately.

Filtration

Used to separate solid particles from liquids or gases.

Titration

A technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by slowly adding a known solution until a reaction endpoint.

Centrifugation

Uses centrifugal force to separate components of a mixture based on their densities.

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Chromatography

A separation technique that separates mixtures into their individual components using a solvent and adsorbent material.

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Balances

Used to weigh substances; ensure the balance is calibrated.

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Pipettes

Used for precise measurement of small volumes of liquid.

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Distillation

A process used to separate liquids based on differences in boiling points.

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Gel Electrophoresis

Separates charged molecules like proteins or nucleic acids based on their size and charge, using an electric field in a gel matrix.

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Mass Spectrometry (MS)

A method used to identify compounds based on their molecular mass. It involves ionizing molecules and separating them by their mass-to-charge ratio.

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Microtomy

A process of slicing thin sections of specimens, such as tissues, for microscopic examination. It uses a specialized tool called a microtome to create consistent, thin slices.

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Incubation and Growth

Used to promote the growth of microorganisms or cells in specific conditions (temperature, environment). It's like creating a comfortable space for them to grow.

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Cell Lysis

Breaking down cell membranes to release cellular contents. It's like opening up a cell to study its insides.

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Solid-Phase Synthesis

A technique used in the synthesis of biomolecules (like peptides or nucleotides) where reagents are added step by step, and the growing molecule is anchored to a solid support.

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Vortexing

A technique used to rapidly mix or agitate liquids in test tubes or containers. It helps mix and homogenize samples.

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Solvent extraction

Using a solvent to extract compounds from a mixture. It's like separating sand from water using a filter.

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Serial Dilutions

The process of diluting a substance in a series of steps. It helps determine concentrations or prepare solutions.

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Electrochemical Analysis

Techniques like potentiometry and coulometry that measure the electrical properties of solutions or electrode reactions.

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Study Notes

Laboratory Techniques

  • Measuring and Weighing: Graduated cylinders measure liquids precisely; balances weigh substances (calibration is crucial); pipettes (manual and micropipettes) accurately measure small liquid volumes.

Titration

  • Used to determine unknown solution concentrations by adding a known-concentration solution (titrant) until a reaction endpoint occurs (often indicated by a color change, using an indicator).

Filtration

  • Separates solids from liquids or gases using gravity, vacuum, or membrane filtration techniques.

Distillation

  • Separates liquids based on boiling point differences; techniques include simple (for vastly different boiling points) and fractional (for similar boiling points) distillations.

Centrifugation

  • Separates mixture components by density using centrifugal force; common in biology, chemistry labs separating cells, proteins, or precipitates from liquids.

Chromatography

  • Separates mixtures into individual components using various techniques:
    • Paper chromatography uses a solvent to move a sample.
    • Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) uses a thin layer of adsorbent (e.g., silica gel).
    • Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separate and analyze volatile and non-volatile compounds, respectively.

Spectroscopy

  • Measures absorption, emission, or scattering of light (or other electromagnetic radiation). Types include:
    • UV-Vis spectroscopy identifies and quantifies light-absorbing substances.
    • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy identifies functional groups in organic compounds.
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyzes molecular structure.
    • Mass spectrometry (MS) identifies compounds based on their mass.

Electrophoresis

  • Separates charged molecules (proteins, nucleic acids) in a gel by applying an electric field; identifies sample composition.

Incubation and Growth

  • Promotes microorganism or cell growth in specific temperature and conditions (e.g., agar plates, growth media) in the biological and microbiological fields.

Microtomy

  • Slices thin specimens (tissues) for microscopic examination using a microtome.

Electrochemical Analysis

  • Includes potentiometry (measuring voltage) and coulometry (measuring charge) to analyze solution ions or electrode reactions.

pH Measurement

  • Uses pH meters (numerical readings) or pH indicators (color changes) to measure solution acidity.

Microscopy

  • Light microscopy observes small organisms or thin materials. Electron microscopy uses electron beams for high magnification, observing ultrastructural details.

Heating and Cooling

  • Involves controlled heating (Bunsen burners, hot plates), cooling (ice baths, cryogenic conditions) for reactions, purification, or experimental control.

Buret and Pipette Technique

  • Precise liquid handling for measurements and transfers, crucial for titrations.

Lysis and Extraction

  • Cell lysis breaks down cell membranes to release cellular content. Solvent extraction uses solvents to isolate compounds.

Serial Dilutions

  • Dilutes a substance step-by-step; critical for determining, e.g., bacterial concentration or preparing known concentrations in chemistry.

Bacterial Staining (Microbiology)

  • Staining (e.g., Gram staining) identifies bacterial species or structures based on cell wall properties.

Vortexing

  • Rapidly mixes liquids (test tubes) for proper sample homogenization.

Vacuum Evaporation

  • Removes solvents under reduced pressure to prepare/ purify compounds.

Gel Electrophoresis

  • Separates macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) based on size and charge using a gel and electric field.

Solid-Phase Synthesis

  • Synthesizes biomolecules (peptides, nucleotides) by adding reagents step-by-step, anchored to a solid support.

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