Laboratory Samples
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Questions and Answers

What type of urine sample is commonly used for pregnancy tests?

  • Random
  • Mid Stream Urine (MSU)
  • First Morning (correct)
  • 24 hr Urine Collections

    • What is the primary purpose of collecting swab samples?

  • To collect urine samples
  • To collect blood samples
  • To look for disease causing microorganisms (correct)
  • To look for non-pathogenic microorganisms

    • What type of stool sample is used for occult blood testing?

  • Stool for Ova, Cysts and Parasites
  • Stool for M/C/S
  • 24 hour stool collection
  • Random (correct)

    • What is the importance of abstinence before collecting a semen sample?

    <p>To avoid contamination from vaginal secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended transportation condition for swab samples?

    <p>Room Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sputum and saliva?

    <p>Sputum is collected from the throat, while saliva is collected from the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of urine sample is used for urine cultures?

    <p>Clean Catch Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a phlebotomist knowing the types of laboratory tests?

    <p>To understand the importance of common lab tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame to bring a semen sample to the lab?

    <p>Within 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cytological test used to study cells?

    <p>PAP Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of special stains in cytological tests?

    <p>To highlight normal vs abnormal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of prompt preservation in handling biopsy samples?

    <p>To prevent rejection of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Point-of-Care Tests (APOCT)?

    <p>Provides faster results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Point-of-Care Tests (APOCT)?

    <p>To prevent loss of life or quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sample is studied in histology?

    <p>Tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common rejection criterion for cytological tests?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laboratory Samples

    • Types of laboratory samples: Blood, Non-Blood (Urine, Stool, Swabs, Semen, Sputum, Cytological, Histological)
    • Phlebotomist should know the importance of common lab tests

    Urine Samples

    • Types of urine samples:
      • Random (Drugs of Abuse, Microalbumin)
      • First Morning (Pregnancy Tests)
      • Mid Stream Urine (MSU) (Urine Cultures)
      • Clean Catch Urine (Urine Cultures)
      • 24 hr Urine Collections (Protein, Creatinine, Calcium, Uric Acid, Creatinine Clearance)
      • Paediatric Urines (Urine collection bags)

    Stool Samples

    • Types of stool samples:
      • Stool for Occult Blood (Random)
      • Stool for Ova, Cysts and Parasites (Random, Sometimes x3)
      • Stool for M/C/S (Stool Cultures)

    Swabs

    • Collected by Physicians, RNs
    • Purpose: To look for Pathogenic or disease causing microorganisms in a particular body site
    • Materials Required: Specimen cup, spatula/spoon, Plastic wrap, disposable paper/ Styrofoam tray
    • Prompt Transport, Room Temperature, Charcoal
    • Types: Wound, Vaginal, Ulcer, Rectal, Throat

    Semen Samples

    • Not just a sperm count
    • Collection Criteria:
      • Abstinence 4-5 days prior
      • No help from partner (vaginal, oral and anal secretions affect test)
      • No use of gels, creams or lubricants
      • Sample must be kept at RT
      • All sample must be collected
      • Sample must be brought to lab within 45 mins after collection
    • A Semen Sample can be satisfactorily brought to the lab within 2 hours

    Cytological Samples

    • Study of Cells (Cyto)
    • Most Common Cytological Test: PAP SMEAR
    • Samples collected by Physician
    • Special Stains used to highlight normal vs abnormal cells
    • Rejection Criteria: Broken slides, smears not properly preserved

    Histological Samples

    • Study of Tissues (Histo)
    • Samples: Biopsies, Ectomies or Excisions
    • Samples preserved using Paraffin wax and cut into ultra-thin slices
    • Special Stains
    • Key aspect of handling is prompt preservation (15-20 times Formal Saline)
    • Rejection Criteria: Samples not properly preserved, or samples preserved late

    Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)

    • Rapidly growing branch of Lab Diagnostics
    • Easy, Fast results
    • Done at patients location
    • Small volume of blood
    • Important applications in diagnosing conditions such as Heart Attacks, Strokes, Diabetes, Renal Failure, Anemia
    • APOCT is supposed to provide faster results with the main emphasis being to prevent loss of life or loss of quality of life

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    Description

    This quiz covers different types of laboratory samples, including non-blood and blood samples, and various bodily fluids and materials used for testing and analysis. It includes arterial puncture, veni-puncture, and capillary puncture, as well as urine, stool, and other bodily samples.

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