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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the nosepiece on a microscope?
How does the numerical aperture (NA) relate to resolution in microscopy?
What should you use to focus the microscope when viewing with high-power objective lenses?
What is the function of the iris diaphragm control arm in a microscope?
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What advantage does a mechanical stage provide compared to a manual slide adjustment?
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What is the primary purpose of wearing safety goggles in a laboratory?
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Which of the following actions should be performed immediately after handling chemicals?
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What is a key feature of a compound microscope that differentiates it from a simple microscope?
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What should be done if glassware in the laboratory is chipped or cracked?
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Which of the following is NOT considered safe laboratory hygiene practice?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Safety Rules
- Follow instructions carefully to ensure safety during lab activities.
- Always wear safety goggles to protect eyes from chemicals and heat exposure.
- Immediately inform the teacher of any spills or accidents.
- Wash hands with soap and water after handling chemicals.
- Keep hands away from the face and tie back hair to avoid contamination.
- Roll up loose sleeves and minimize clutter at the work station.
- Use glasses instead of contact lenses to prevent chemical exposure.
- Avoid ingesting anything during experiments and prohibit horseplay in the lab.
- Clean the lab area thoroughly after use for the next user.
Glassware Safety
- Do not use chipped or cracked glassware to prevent accidents.
- Dispose of broken glassware in designated "sharps/glass" containers.
- Always pour liquids into stable containers to avoid spills.
- Report any broken glass to the teacher instead of cleaning it yourself.
Laboratory Hygiene
- Eating, drinking, or smoking in the laboratory is prohibited.
- Avoid applying cosmetics and touching the face while in the lab.
- Wash hands before leaving the lab and before eating.
Parts of a Compound Microscope
- Compound microscopes have multiple lenses for magnified viewing.
- The eyepiece (ocular lens) typically magnifies by 10x, with optional eyepieces available.
- The binocular body holds the eyepiece tubes which supports focused viewing.
- The nosepiece allows rotation between different objective lenses for varying magnification.
- The specimen stage supports slides and contains clips; some models include a mechanical stage for easier movement.
- Coarse and fine focus knobs adjust the stage's position for better image clarity; fine focus is crucial for high magnification.
- The iris diaphragm control arm adjusts the light intensity illuminating the specimen.
- Condensers focus light onto the specimen for clear imaging, especially at high magnifications.
- The base provides stability and houses the light source.
Microscopy Formulas
- Total Magnification = eyepiece magnification x objective magnification.
- Field of View = Field number / Total Magnification (measured in millimeters).
- Estimated Specimen Size = FOV / Number of specimens.
Enzymes and Catalysts
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that regulate biochemical reaction rates.
- They accelerate reactions without being consumed or altered in the process.
- Specific enzymes are necessary for digestion; some substances, like cellulose, cannot be digested due to the absence of specific enzymes.
- Enzyme activity is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ion concentrations.
Nucleic Acids
- DNA is the genetic material directing cellular processes and is essential for life.
- RNA carries out the instructions of DNA and can regulate DNA activity; some viruses use RNA as genetic material.
- DNA instructs RNA, which in turn directs protein synthesis, vital for cellular functions.
Nucleotides and ATP
- Both DNA and RNA are built from nucleotides, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups.
- ATP serves as a primary energy currency in cells, composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
- Energy is released when ATP is broken down into ADP and an inorganic phosphate.
- ATP can be regenerated using energy derived from food and stored energy sources like glycogen and fat.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential laboratory safety rules to ensure a safe working environment. This quiz covers aspects such as proper attire, handling chemicals, and emergency procedures. Understanding these guidelines is crucial for anyone participating in laboratory work.
