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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the nosepiece on a microscope?
What is the purpose of the nosepiece on a microscope?
How does the numerical aperture (NA) relate to resolution in microscopy?
How does the numerical aperture (NA) relate to resolution in microscopy?
What should you use to focus the microscope when viewing with high-power objective lenses?
What should you use to focus the microscope when viewing with high-power objective lenses?
What is the function of the iris diaphragm control arm in a microscope?
What is the function of the iris diaphragm control arm in a microscope?
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What advantage does a mechanical stage provide compared to a manual slide adjustment?
What advantage does a mechanical stage provide compared to a manual slide adjustment?
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What is the primary purpose of wearing safety goggles in a laboratory?
What is the primary purpose of wearing safety goggles in a laboratory?
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Which of the following actions should be performed immediately after handling chemicals?
Which of the following actions should be performed immediately after handling chemicals?
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What is a key feature of a compound microscope that differentiates it from a simple microscope?
What is a key feature of a compound microscope that differentiates it from a simple microscope?
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What should be done if glassware in the laboratory is chipped or cracked?
What should be done if glassware in the laboratory is chipped or cracked?
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Which of the following is NOT considered safe laboratory hygiene practice?
Which of the following is NOT considered safe laboratory hygiene practice?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Safety Rules
- Follow instructions carefully to ensure safety during lab activities.
- Always wear safety goggles to protect eyes from chemicals and heat exposure.
- Immediately inform the teacher of any spills or accidents.
- Wash hands with soap and water after handling chemicals.
- Keep hands away from the face and tie back hair to avoid contamination.
- Roll up loose sleeves and minimize clutter at the work station.
- Use glasses instead of contact lenses to prevent chemical exposure.
- Avoid ingesting anything during experiments and prohibit horseplay in the lab.
- Clean the lab area thoroughly after use for the next user.
Glassware Safety
- Do not use chipped or cracked glassware to prevent accidents.
- Dispose of broken glassware in designated "sharps/glass" containers.
- Always pour liquids into stable containers to avoid spills.
- Report any broken glass to the teacher instead of cleaning it yourself.
Laboratory Hygiene
- Eating, drinking, or smoking in the laboratory is prohibited.
- Avoid applying cosmetics and touching the face while in the lab.
- Wash hands before leaving the lab and before eating.
Parts of a Compound Microscope
- Compound microscopes have multiple lenses for magnified viewing.
- The eyepiece (ocular lens) typically magnifies by 10x, with optional eyepieces available.
- The binocular body holds the eyepiece tubes which supports focused viewing.
- The nosepiece allows rotation between different objective lenses for varying magnification.
- The specimen stage supports slides and contains clips; some models include a mechanical stage for easier movement.
- Coarse and fine focus knobs adjust the stage's position for better image clarity; fine focus is crucial for high magnification.
- The iris diaphragm control arm adjusts the light intensity illuminating the specimen.
- Condensers focus light onto the specimen for clear imaging, especially at high magnifications.
- The base provides stability and houses the light source.
Microscopy Formulas
- Total Magnification = eyepiece magnification x objective magnification.
- Field of View = Field number / Total Magnification (measured in millimeters).
- Estimated Specimen Size = FOV / Number of specimens.
Enzymes and Catalysts
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that regulate biochemical reaction rates.
- They accelerate reactions without being consumed or altered in the process.
- Specific enzymes are necessary for digestion; some substances, like cellulose, cannot be digested due to the absence of specific enzymes.
- Enzyme activity is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ion concentrations.
Nucleic Acids
- DNA is the genetic material directing cellular processes and is essential for life.
- RNA carries out the instructions of DNA and can regulate DNA activity; some viruses use RNA as genetic material.
- DNA instructs RNA, which in turn directs protein synthesis, vital for cellular functions.
Nucleotides and ATP
- Both DNA and RNA are built from nucleotides, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups.
- ATP serves as a primary energy currency in cells, composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
- Energy is released when ATP is broken down into ADP and an inorganic phosphate.
- ATP can be regenerated using energy derived from food and stored energy sources like glycogen and fat.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential laboratory safety rules to ensure a safe working environment. This quiz covers aspects such as proper attire, handling chemicals, and emergency procedures. Understanding these guidelines is crucial for anyone participating in laboratory work.
