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Questions and Answers
What type of footwear is recommended for safe behavior in the lab?
Which personal protective equipment should be avoided if wearing contact lenses?
Which of the following actions is NOT recommended in the laboratory environment?
What should you do before leaving the laboratory after using contaminated PPE?
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What is categorized as a chemical hazard?
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Which hazard symbol represents a substance that may explode if exposed to heat or flame?
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What is a critical behavior to maintain a safe laboratory environment?
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Which of the following is considered a physical hazard in a laboratory?
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Which feature is essential in laboratory design to prevent slip hazards?
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What personal protective equipment is crucial for protecting the skin during laboratory work?
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Why is it important for laboratory benches to have a sink?
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What should be included in spill control materials to effectively manage chemical spills?
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Which of the following is a key component of a laboratory's ventilation system?
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What type of emergency procedure equipment is essential for eye safety in the laboratory?
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Which aspect of laboratory design helps in controlling fire hazards?
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Which body parts are most frequently injured in a clinical laboratory due to exposure to chemicals?
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What does the symbol of a gas cylinder represent?
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Which of the following substances is classified as corrosive?
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What does it mean if a substance is classified as carcinogenic?
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Which of the following substances is considered an environmental hazard?
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What type of substance is represented by the exclamation mark pictogram?
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Which of the following is primarily classified as a toxic substance?
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What should be done before disposing of acids and bases in the sewer system?
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Which chemical is an example of a substance that is both toxic and corrosive?
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What does the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provide information about?
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What type of hazard does asbestos pose?
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Which type of waste is specifically identified by a biohazard mark?
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What is a critical element for areas where hazardous or toxic chemicals are stored?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the standardized format of the MSDS?
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When transferring chemicals, what is the general rule to follow?
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Which hazardous waste type can include radioactive isotopes?
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What should be done when diluting an acid?
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Which of the following is NOT a required component of a written hazard communication program in a clinical laboratory?
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What should you do to handle sharp objects safely in a laboratory?
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What is the correct procedure if a concentrated acid spills on your skin?
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When dealing with electrical hazards in a laboratory, what should you do?
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What is the proper way to handle heated glassware?
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What is the first step to take when cleaning a laboratory spill of acid or base?
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What should be done with biological waste in the laboratory?
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Which hazard warning is important when using strong oxidizers in the laboratory?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Design
- The laboratory should be equipped with a spill control system, safety equipment, appropriate ventilation, and proper lighting.
- Doors should be properly placed for easy entry and exit.
- Laboratory benches should have sinks with water supply and be designed in a U shape for maximum efficiency.
- Windows, fans, fume hoods, and biological safety cabinets are important components of the ventilation system.
- Floor drains should be located near the units, with a sloped floor to prevent slipping hazards.
- Spill control materials like spill kits and sand should be readily available.
- Safety equipment such as eyewash units, fire blankets, and fire extinguishers are essential for emergencies.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- The eyes, skin, respiratory and digestive tracts are vulnerable in laboratory settings.
- Personal protective equipment such as lab coats, gloves, eye goggles, dust masks, and respirators must be worn at all times.
- Closed-toe shoes with nonporous material are recommended, and high heels are discouraged.
- Contact lenses should be avoided, but if worn, goggles or face shields are necessary.
- Keep long hair tied back when working with open flames.
Behavior in the Lab
- Follow lab procedures exactly and never conduct unauthorized experiments.
- Maintain a clean working area.
- Food, drinks, and smoking are prohibited inside the laboratory.
- Practical jokes are strictly forbidden.
- All contaminated PPE must be removed and disposed of properly before leaving the lab.
- When removing gloves, the "beaking" method is recommended to prevent contamination.
Laboratory Hazards
- Chemicals, fire, sharp objects, electricity, physical factors, and heating elements pose various hazards in a lab.
Chemical Hazards
- Read and understand chemical hazard labels and symbols.
- Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a standardized symbol system, including:
- Flammable: A substance that burns easily in the presence of an open flame (e.g., ethanol, acetone).
- Explosive: A substance that may explode if exposed to heat or flame (e.g., nitrates, picric acid).
- Oxidizing: A substance capable of initiating or accelerating combustion (e.g., strong oxidizers, peroxides).
- Gas under Pressure: A substance stored under high pressure (e.g., compressed gases).
- Toxic/Poison: A substance that can cause death if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin (e.g., calcium cyanide, lead arsenate).
- Corrosive: A substance that can burn or destroy living tissue and corrode other materials (e.g., strong acids, strong bases).
- Irritant: A substance that causes inflammation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes (e.g., ammonium sulfate, copper acetate).
- Carcinogenic: A substance that can cause cancer (e.g., asbestos, benzene, aflatoxins).
- Environmental Hazard: A substance that threatens the environment (e.g., all chemicals).
- Biohazard: A biological substance that can cause disease (e.g., human blood and blood products, microbiological wastes).
- Radioactive: A substance that emits dangerous radiation (e.g., radioactive isotopes).
Ideal Dealing with Chemicals
- The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides comprehensive safety information for each chemical.
- Familiarize yourself with the 15 sections of the MSDS, which cover information about the chemical's properties, hazards, handling, storage, disposal, and emergency procedures.
Chemical Safety Rules
- Always read chemical labels twice before using a chemical.
- Use only the type and amount of chemical specified in the procedure.
- Never touch, taste, or smell chemicals unless instructed.
- Never mix chemicals without specific instructions.
- Transfer chemicals carefully.
- When diluting an acid, always add the acid to water, not the water to the acid.
- Treat all chemicals as potentially dangerous.
Chemical Waste Disposal
- Neutralize acids and bases before disposal in the sewer system.
- Dispose of chemical waste in designated containers or sand pockets, taking precautions like adding water to the sink before pouring chemicals.
Additional Safety Information
- Implement a written hazard communication program.
- Obtain and make readily available MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals.
- Train laboratory workers annually on chemical safety, including label interpretation, MSDS understanding, and safe handling practices.
- Ensure containers of chemicals received or filled on-site are clearly labeled.
Fire Hazard
- Know how to use a fire extinguisher properly.
Sharp Objects Hazard
- Never try to catch broken instruments.
- Grasp sharp instruments by the handles or with tongs.
- Dispose of broken glass in dedicated containers.
Electrical Hazard
- Keep electrical cords, wires, and appliances away from water.
Physical Hazard
- Handle all equipment with care.
- Do not place personal bags or objects on the lab desk or floor.
Biological Hazard
- Sterilize materials with an autoclave before disposal.
- Use dedicated containers for biological waste.
Heating Hazard
- Never point the end of a heated test tube towards yourself or others.
- Never heat a solution in a closed container.
- Use tongs or gloves when handling heated glassware.
- Avoid placing hot glassware directly in cold water.
- Never look into a container while heating it.
Emergency Procedures
- In case of a chemical spill, immediately:
- Flush skin with water for 15 minutes.
- Use an eye wash station for chemical exposure in the eyes.
- Apply local anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Have a plan for handling concentrated acid and base spills, using laboratory spill kits and appropriate neutralization methods.
- Learn how to react in case of emergency situations.
- Know where to find first aid supplies and emergency contact information.
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Description
This quiz covers essential principles of laboratory design and the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE). It emphasizes the necessity of safety equipment, ventilation systems, and proper layout for efficiency and safety in laboratory environments. Understand how these elements contribute to a safe working atmosphere.
