Laboratory Preparation of Sodium Chloride

Dense white fumes are formed, consisting of particles of solid ammonium chloride suspended in air.

The respective metal chloride and hydrogen gas are formed, especially when heated.

Hydrogen chloride dissociates into hydrogen and chlorine gases.

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas turns litmus paper blue, methyl orange red, and phenolphthalein colorless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, hydrogen chloride gas is non-combustible and does not support combustion. It extinguishes a glowing splint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, which is the basis for the Fountain Experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NaHSO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By upward displacement of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the escape of HCl gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly soluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The burning candle is extinguished when dry HCl gas is poured into the jar containing air, demonstrating that HCl gas is heavier than air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dissolution of HCl gas in water creates a partial vacuum inside the flask, causing the higher outside air pressure to push the blue litmus solution up the jet tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The red color indicates that the litmus solution turns red due to the high solubility of the acidic HCl gas in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of liquid hydrogen chloride ($-83^\circ$C) is higher than its melting point ($-113^\circ$C).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The red fountain demonstrates the high solubility of hydrogen chloride gas in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dry gas jar is used to ensure there is no moisture that could dissolve the HCl gas before it displaces the air in the jar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction of iron (Fe) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce hydrogen gas (H₂) and iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂) proves that HCl contains hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding ammonia solution to dilute hydrochloric acid is a test to distinguish HCl from other acids, as it produces dense white fumes of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding silver nitrate solution to dilute hydrochloric acid is a test to confirm the presence of chloride ions, as it produces a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that 'Action of conc. HCl on a mixture of MnO₂ &amp; conc. HCl proves that HCl contains chlorine [Cl₂ (g) evolved]'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding sodium thiosulfate solution to hydrochloric acid is a reference test to confirm the presence of HCl, as it produces sulfur dioxide gas (SO₂).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding lead(II) nitrate solution to hydrochloric acid is a test to confirm the presence of chloride ions, as it produces a white precipitate of lead(II) chloride (PbCl₂).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) is used as the drying agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quicklime (CaO) and respective chlorides are not used as drying agents because they react with hydrogen chloride to form calcium chloride and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is collected by upward displacement of air, since it is denser (heavier) than air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, with 1 volume of water dissolving about 452 volumes of the gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases heavier than air are HCl, NH₃, SO₂, Cl₂, CO₂, and N₂O. Gases lighter than air are H₂, O₂, N₂, H₂S, and CO.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen chloride gas is colorless, has a pungent odor, causes a choking sensation if inhaled, has a vapor density of 18.25 (compared to air = 14.4), and is highly soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers