Laboratory Equipment and Chemical Elements
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Questions and Answers

What is used to hold liquids and has a narrow neck to prevent splashes?

  • Graduated cylinder
  • Beaker
  • Petri dish
  • Erlenmeyer flask (correct)
  • What is the chemical symbol for Potassium?

    K

    What is the chemical symbol for Chromium?

    Cr

    What is the chemical symbol for Sulfur?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for Phosphorus?

    <p>P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for Carbon?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for Manganese?

    <p>Mn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for Iodine?

    <p>I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen?

    <p>N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an atom?

    <p>The simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chemical combination of two or more elements/atoms is called what?

    <p>A compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of compounds? (Select all that apply)

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen (H) is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Table Salt is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose (C6H12O6) is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Helium (He) is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water (H2O) is an element and cannot be broken down by ordinary means.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are always at the beginning of a chemical reaction, and what are always at the end?

    <p>Reactants at the beginning, products at the end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to speed up a reaction that is too slow?

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is digestion an example of?

    <p>A chemical reaction that requires enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH range do acids have?

    <p>Below 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When added to an aqueous solution, what do acids produce?

    <p>Hydronium ions (H+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate pH of a strong acid?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of a neutral substance?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A strong base can cause as much damage to a living thing as a strong acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are responsible for preventing changes in pH?

    <p>Buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do buffers help to maintain?

    <p>Homeostasis, by keeping the internal environment of an organism balanced at a specific pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA stand for?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reproduction requires the fusion of a sperm and egg that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent?

    <p>Asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of organism can produce its own food for energy?

    <p>Autotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of organism must consume food for energy and cannot make their own food?

    <p>Heterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biology the study of?

    <p>All living things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is called the process by which as the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become different from each other?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the stable level of internal conditions in organisms?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are cells and groups of cells organized in most multicellular organisms?

    <p>By function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sum of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism is called what?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-living things grow?

    <p>By accumulating more of the material they are made of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is called the process by which an organism becomes its mature form?

    <p>Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the six characteristics of living things

    <ol> <li>Made of cells</li> <li>Use energy</li> <li>Maintain homeostasis</li> <li>Organized</li> <li>Reproduce</li> <li>Grow and develop</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do organisms require energy?

    <p>To function, maintain homeostasis, grow and develop, reproduce, etc...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between growth and development in a multicellular organism?

    <p>Growth: result of cell enlargement and cell division Development: result of cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is reproduction essential to the survival of an individual organism?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the cell the basic unit of life?

    <p>Because it's the smallest thing that has all 6 characteristics of life, and all living things are made of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give a specific example of an organism maintaining homeostasis

    <p>Shivering: your muscles create friction, it warms you up to try and keep temperature homeostasis to keep your body stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contrast the reproduction of bacteria with that of humans

    <p>Bacteria grows quickly and is Asexual reproduction, while humans take longer and are sexual reproduction due to unicellular and multicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism?

    <p>A unicellular organism is made up of only one cell, while a multicellular organism is composed of many cells, with each cell often performing a specific function within the organism; essentially, a unicellular organism is a single-celled living entity, whereas a multicellular organism is made up of multiple cells working together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What word is used to describe the stable internal conditions of a living thing?

    <p>The word used to describe the stable internal conditions of a living thing is homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give one specific example of an organism maintaining homeostasis. Be sure to include the who, the what, and the why

    <p>A human body maintains homeostasis by regulating its internal body temperature through sweating when it gets too hot; when the body temperature rises above the set point, the hypothalamus in the brain signals sweat glands to produce sweat, which evaporates and cools the body down, allowing the body to return to its optimal temperature range; this process is crucial for proper enzyme function and overall physiological processes to occur optimally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Finish this sentence. All living things... (include all 6 answers and know the details)

    <p>made up of cells, use energy, reproduce, grow and develop, organzied, maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an observation, a hypothesis and an inference? Be able to distinguish between observations, hypotheses and inferences.

    <p>Hypothesis: a testable prediction observation:does not explain why or how/info gained through the five senses inference:conclusion based on an observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

    <p>Qualitative data is descriptive and non-numerical, focusing on qualities and characteristics, while quantitative data is numerical and measurable, providing information about quantities or amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a control group? Be able to identify the control group in an experimental set-up.

    <p>A control group is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment or manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an independent and a dependent variable? Be able to identify independent and dependent variables in an experimental set-up.

    <p>The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or changes to observe its effect on another variable, while the dependent variable is the variable that is measured and is expected to change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable independent:cause dependent:effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an element and a compound?

    <p>An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom, while a compound is a substance formed by chemically combining two or more different elements in fixed proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define an Atom

    <p>The basic unit of a chemical element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activation energy? How is activation energy represented on a reaction graph?

    <p>Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, and on a reaction graph, it is represented as the energy difference between the reactants and the highest point on the energy curve, which is known as the transition state; essentially, it's the &quot;hill&quot; that needs to be overcome for the reaction to proceed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a catalyst?

    <p>A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an enzyme?

    <p>An enzyme is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things, including humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are enzymes important to living things?

    <p>Enzymes are crucial to living things because they act as biological catalysts, significantly speeding up chemical reactions that are essential for life processes like digestion, respiration, and muscle function, allowing these reactions to occur at a rate necessary to sustain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of an enzyme or catalyst affect a reaction graph?

    <p>Lowers the activation energy to speed up the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Label the reactants and the products in the reaction below. CO2 + H20 🡪 H2CO3

    <p>CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water) are the reactants, while H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solution? What are the two parts of every solution?

    <p>A substance where one material is completely dissolved in the other two parts are solvent and solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydroxide ion?

    <p>The hydroxide ion is a chemical compound with a negative charge, containing a single hydrogen and a single oxygen. It is a strong base and very caustic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define acid

    <p>A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a buffer?

    <p>A substance that minimizes changes in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutral pH? What does this mean?

    <p>A substance is neither acidic nor basic, and on the pH scale, it is represented by a value of 7; essentially, it indicates a balanced concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution, making it neither acidic nor alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of an acid?

    <p>Less than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laboratory Equipment

    • Erlenmeyer flask: Holds liquids, narrow neck prevents splashes.
    • Scalpel: Surgical knife.
    • Petri dish: Circular, shallow dish for culturing microorganisms.
    • Test tube: Thin glass tube for holding small samples.
    • Test tube rack: Holds test tubes.
    • Test tube holder: Spring metal for holding test tubes or tubing.
    • Beaker: Open cylindrical container with pouring lip, used for mixing larger amounts.
    • Graduated cylinder: Measures liquid volume.
    • Microscope slide with cover slip: Holds specimens for microscope examination.
    • Funnel: For pouring liquids through small openings.
    • Forceps: For holding small items.
    • Test tube brush: For cleaning test tubes.

    Chemical Elements (Symbols)

    • Potassium (K)
    • Chromium (Cr)
    • Sulfur (S)
    • Phosphorus (P)
    • Carbon (C)
    • Calcium (Ca)
    • Manganese (Mn)
    • Iron (Fe)
    • Magnesium (Mg)
    • Iodine (I)
    • Fluorine (F)
    • Zinc (Zn)
    • Oxygen (O)
    • Copper (Cu)
    • Chlorine (Cl)
    • Nitrogen (N)
    • Hydrogen (H)
    • Cobalt (Co)

    Basic Chemistry Concepts

    • Atom: Smallest particle of an element retaining its properties.

    • Element: Substance not broken down by ordinary means.

    • Compound: Chemical combination of two or more elements.

    • Examples of compounds: CO, NaCl, H2O, CO2, C6H12O6, H2O

    • Hydrogen (H): An element that cannot be broken down.

    • Table Salt (NaCl): A compound that can be broken down

    • Carbon Dioxide(CO2): A compound that can be broken down.

    • Glucose(C6H12O6): A compound that can be broken down.

    • Helium (He): An element that cannot be broken down.

    • Reactants & Products: Reactants before arrow, products after. Chemical reactions and catalysts:

    • Reactions can be sped up with catalysts.

    • Digestion is an example of reaction, requiring enzymes.

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids (pH): Below 7
    • Acids produce hydronium ions (H+) in solution
    • Strong acids pH: 0
    • Bases (pH): Above 7
    • Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
    • Strong bases pH: Close to 14
    • Neutral substances (pH): 7
    • Strong bases can cause damage similar to strong acids.
    • Buffers: Maintain homeostasis by neutralizing acids and bases.
    • Buffers maintain homeostasis by keeping internal pH stable.

    Biology Concepts

    • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, carries genetic information.
    • Sexual Reproduction: Fusion of sperm and egg. Offspring differ from parents.
    • Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction from one parent. Offspring identical to parent.
    • Autotroph: Produces its own food.
    • Heterotroph: Consumes food for energy.
    • Biology: Study of all living things.
    • Differentiation: Cells becoming different in multicellular organisms.
    • Homeostasis: Stable internal conditions in organisms.
    • Organization of cells in multicellular organisms: By function.
    • Metabolism: Sum of chemical processes in an organism.
    • Growth in non-living things: Accumulation of material.
    • Development: Process of becoming mature.
    • Characteristics of living things: Cells, energy use, homeostasis, organization, reproduction, growth & development.
    • Energy needs: Function, homeostasis, growth, development, reproduction.
    • Growth vs. Development: Growth: enlargement, cell division; Development: cell differentiation.
    • Reproduction necessity: Essential for survival and diversity of the species.
    • Importance of cells: Smallest unit with life’s characteristics.
    • Homeostasis example: Shivering (muscles to generate heat)
    • Comparison unicellular/multicellular: Unicellular is one cell, multicellular multiple cells with specific functions.
    • Stable internal conditions: Homeostasis.
    • Homeostasis example: Sweating (body temperature regulation).

    Scientific Method

    • Observation: Information through senses.

    • Hypothesis: Testable prediction.

    • Inference: Conclusion based on observation.

    • Qualitative data: Descriptive.

    • Quantitative data: Numerical.

    • Control group: Group not receiving treatment.

    • Independent variable: Factor manipulated.

    • Dependent variable: Factor measured.

    • Element vs. compound: Element: pure substance; compound: combination of elements.

    • Activation energy: Minimum energy for a reaction.

    • Catalyst/Enzyme: Speeds up reactions without changing itself.

    • Enzyme importance: Crucial for life processes. (digestion, respiration, etc.).

    • Enzyme effect on reaction graph: Lowers activation energy.

    • Reactants & products in CO2+H2O -> H2CO3: CO2 and H2O are reactants, H2CO3 is product

    • Solution: Substance where one material dissolves completely in another Solvent and Solute: Parts of a solution

    • Hydroxide ion: (OH⁻)

    • Hydronium ion: (H₃O⁺)

    • Acid: Increases H+ ion concentration.

    • Base: Produces OH- ions in solution.

    • Buffer: Minimizes pH changes.

    • Neutral pH: 7; Balanced H+ and OH-.

    • Acid pH: Less than 7.

    • Base pH: Greater than 7.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential laboratory equipment such as flasks, test tubes, and beakers, along with their functions. It also tests your knowledge of chemical elements and their symbols. Perfect for students in chemistry classes or anyone looking to refresh their science knowledge.

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