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Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances is classified as toxic?
What chemical hazard is indicated by a flame over a circle symbol?
Identify the example of a carcinogenic substance.
Which of the following is an example of a corrosive substance?
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What is a biohazard?
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What substance is likely to cause irritation upon skin contact?
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Which of the following statements about environmental hazards is true?
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Which chemical is recognized as an irritant?
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What type of shoes are acceptable to wear in the laboratory?
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Which of the following behaviors is acceptable in the laboratory?
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What should be done with all contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE)?
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What is the primary hazard associated with not knowing how to use chemicals in the lab?
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Which type of protective eyewear is recommended for individuals wearing contact lenses?
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What does the hazard symbol for flammable materials indicate?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a laboratory hazard?
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Which activity is strictly prohibited in the laboratory?
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Which of the following substances is classified as a biohazard?
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What must all chemical containers be?
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What is the purpose of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
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What must you do when diluting an acid?
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According to the Chemical Safety Rules, what should be done before removing a chemical from a container?
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Where should areas storing biohazard materials be marked?
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What is the first step in chemical waste disposal for acids and bases?
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Which section is NOT typically included in a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
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Which of the following is an essential feature of laboratory benches?
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What is the primary purpose of laboratory personal protective equipment (PPE)?
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Which equipment is typically NOT considered a part of safety equipment in laboratories?
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What feature is crucial for effective spill control in laboratory design?
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Which of the following is a vital component of a laboratory's ventilation system?
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What type of injury is most frequently seen in a clinical laboratory setting?
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Which characteristic is NOT important for proper laboratory lighting?
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What is an important consideration when designing laboratory doors?
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What is a recommended first step in case of a concentrated acid or base spill on the floor?
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How often should laboratory workers be educated on interpreting chemical labels and understanding health hazards?
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When heating a test tube, what should you avoid doing?
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Which action should NOT be taken when dealing with broken glass instruments?
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What is an important precaution when handling electrical equipment in the lab?
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In case of a chemical spill on skin, what is the first response recommended?
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What should be done with glassware that has been heated before handling?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the hazard communication standard for clinical laboratories?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Design
- Laboratories should be designed to accommodate the specific functions they will perform
- Doors must be present to ensure easy entry and exit for personnel
- Laboratory benches should have a sink and water supply, and be designed in a U-shape to maximize workspace and streamline workflows
- Ventilation systems are crucial to ensure proper air circulation and removal of hazardous fumes. Ventilation systems can include windows, fans, fume hoods, and biological safety cabinets
- Lighting should be adequate on both the bench and floor levels
- Floor drains should be located near working areas and the floor should be sloped towards the drains to prevent slip hazards
- Spill control materials, like spill kits and sand, should be readily available to contain any spills
- Safety equipment such as eyewash units, fire blankets, and fire extinguishers should be readily available and accessible
Personal Protective Equipment
- The eyes, skin, respiratory system, and digestive tract are most vulnerable to injury in a lab setting making PPE essential
- Lab coats should be worn to protect clothing
- Gloves should be worn to protect hands and prevent contamination
- Eye goggles should be worn to protect the eyes from splashes and projectiles
- Dust masks should be worn to protect the respiratory system from dust particles
- Respirators should be worn to protect the respiratory system from harmful gases and vapors
- Shoes should be made of nonporous material with closed toes and heels and high heels should never be worn in a lab
- Contact lenses should be avoided in a lab, if worn, goggles or face shields should be worn
- Long hair should be tied back when working with open flames
Behavior in the Lab
- Always follow lab procedures exactly and never conduct unauthorized experiments
- Keep the working area clean
- Food and drink are not allowed in the lab as there is a high risk of contamination
- Smoking is not allowed in the laboratory as it creates fire hazards
- Practical jokes are never permitted in the lab as they can cause serious accidents and injuries
- All contaminated PPE must be removed and disposed of properly before leaving the lab
Laboratory Hazards
- Chemical hazards: these include all chemicals that can cause harm to humans and the environment
- Fire hazards: these include any materials that are flammable or explosive
- Sharp objects hazards: these include any objects that can cause cuts or punctures, such as broken glass, needles, and scalpels
- Electrical hazards: these include any faulty electrical wiring, equipment, or cords that create a risk of shock or fire
- Physical hazards: these include any conditions or objects that can cause injury, such as slippery floors, heavy equipment, or disorganized work areas
- Heating hazards: these include any hot surfaces, flames, or chemicals that can cause burns or fires
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Hazard Identification System
- The NFPA hazard identification system uses a diamond shape divided into four quadrants to visually represent the hazards associated with a chemical or substance
- The quadrants are labeled with a number (from 0 to 4), with higher numbers indicating greater severity of hazard.
- The four quadrants represent different hazard types:
- Red: Flammability
- Blue: Health Hazard
- Yellow: Reactivity
- White: Specific hazard (e.g., radioactivity, oxidizer, etc.)
Dealing with Chemicals
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): provides comprehensive safety information for hazardous materials
- The information provided on the MSDS can include: product name and identification, hazardous ingredients, permissible exposure limits (PEL), physical and chemical data, health hazard data, carcinogenic potential, primary routes of entry, fire and exposure hazards, reactivity data, spill and disposal procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) recommendations, handling and storage information, emergency and first aid procedures, transportation precautions, chemical manufacturer's contact information, and a special information section.
- Always read all labels twice before removing a chemical from its container
- Only use the type and amount of chemical instructed to use
- Never touch, taste, smell, or mix chemicals unless directed to do so
- Transfer chemicals carefully
- When diluting an acid, always pour the acid into water
- Consider all chemicals hazardous
Chemical Waste Disposal
- Treat chemicals before disposal
- Acids and bases should be neutralized
- Other treatments include metal precipitations and reductions of strong oxidizers
- Pour chemicals into sand pockets or flush with water before dumping into a sink
Implementing a Hazard Communication Standard
- Develop a written hazard communication program
- Obtain MSDSs for each hazardous compound used in the workplace and make them accessible to lab workers
- Train lab workers annually on how to interpret chemical labels, MSDS, and health hazards of the chemicals
- Maintain hazard warning labels on chemical containers
Fire Hazards
- Know how to use a fire extinguisher
Sharp Objects Hazards
- Never try to catch broken instruments
- Grasp sharp instruments by the handle or using tongs
- Dispose of broken glass in the designated broken glass waste container
Electrical Hazards
- Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances away from water
Physical Hazards
- Handle all equipment carefully
- Do not place personal bags on lab desks
- Do not place any objects on the floor
Biological Hazards
- Autoclave all contaminated biological materials before getting rid of them to sterilize them
- Put all contaminated materials in designated biohazard waste containers
Heating Hazards
- Never point the end of a test tube being heated at yourself or others
- Never heat a closed container
- Use tongs or gloves when handling hot glassware
- Do not place hot glassware directly in cold water
- Never look into a container while heating it
Emergency Procedures
- Know how to handle concentrated acid and base spills and apply appropriate first aid to skin and eye exposures
- Know how to handle a chemical spill on the floor or a bench using a laboratory spill kit, by diluting it with water and then neutralizing it with the appropriate substance
- Know how to use a fire extinguisher
- Know how to administer first aid for burns, cuts, and chemical exposures
- Know how to evacuate the lab in case of an emergency
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Description
Test your knowledge on laboratory design principles and safety standards. This quiz covers essential aspects such as workspace design, ventilation systems, and personal protective equipment necessary for a safe laboratory environment. Ensure you understand how to create an effective and safe workspace.
