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Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of intragastric administration?
What is a limitation of intraperitoneal administration?
Why are intramuscular injections usually avoided in mice?
What is a benefit of intravenous administration?
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What is the primary concern when administering substances subcutaneously?
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Why is oral administration often not practicable?
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What is a characteristic of intraperitoneal administration?
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What is a consideration when administering substances intravenously?
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What is a characteristic of subcutaneous administration?
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Why is technical expertise required for intravenous administration?
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What is the primary reason why rats and mice are used in research experiments?
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What is the advantage of enteral administration in laboratory animals?
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Why are disposable gloves necessary during injections in laboratory animals?
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What factor influences the rate and order of gastric emptying in enteral administration?
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What is the average lifespan of laboratory rats and mice?
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What is the primary objective of administrating substances to laboratory animals?
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What is the significance of the short generation time of laboratory rats and mice?
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What is a crucial factor in determining the route of administration of a substance in laboratory animals?
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Why are rats and mice ideal models for studying human brain functions?
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What is the primary advantage of using laboratory animals in research experiments?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Animals
- Rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs are commonly used in laboratory experiments.
- Mice and rats are the most widely used animals due to their similarities with humans at anatomical, cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels.
Advantages of Using Rats and Mice
- Share similar brain functions with humans, such as anxiety, hunger, and memory.
- Relatively cheap and easy to maintain.
- Short generation time, reaching adulthood in approximately 3 months and having an average lifespan of 2 years.
- Easy to handle and accommodate.
Routes of Administration
- The route of administration depends on the property of the test substance and the objective of the experiment.
- Good handling is crucial for correct and successful administration.
Enteral Administration
- Has the advantage of allowing large amounts of nonsterile substances or solutions to be administered.
- May be affected by gastric juices and food content of the stomach.
Oral Administration (per os, p.o.)
- The simplest method of administration, but may not be practical for unpalatable, insoluble, or chemically unstable substances.
- May irritate the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.
Intragastric Administration
- Direct administration by oral gavage is preferred for precise measurement of substance intake.
- A ball tip needle is used to prevent damaging the oesophagus.
Parenteral Administration
- Includes injection, infusion, topical application, inhalation, and implantation of an osmotic pump.
- Small amounts of solution are injected, and large volumes are infused.
Subcutaneous Administration
- Easy to administer and rarely painful, making it suitable for conscious mice.
- Rate of absorption is lower than from intraperitoneal or intramuscular injections.
- Only used for nonirritating drugs.
Intraperitoneal Administration (i.p.)
- Technically simple and easy to administer.
- Rate of absorption is usually one-half to one-fourth as rapid as from intravenous administration.
- Limited by sensitivity to irritating substances and tolerance to solutions of non-physiological pH.
Intravenous Administration (i.v.)
- Has advantages over other routes, allowing for administration of high-concentration, high or low pH, or irritating solutions.
- Requires technical expertise and skill to avoid getting the solution outside the vein.
- Usually administered into the lateral tail veins, not the dorsal tail vein.
Intramuscular Administration (i.m.)
- Should be avoided in mice due to small muscle size.
- May be given into the thigh muscle with injection volumes, directing the needle tip away from the femur and sciatic nerve.
- Requires anesthesia or manual restraint.
Other Routes of Administration
- Intradermal administration
- Intra rectal administration
- Intranasal administration (i.n.)
- Topical application
- Inhalation
- Intracerebral administration
- Implantable pump
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Description
This quiz is about the use of laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs, in scientific experiments for medical, chemical, and biological research purposes.
