Lab Tests: Techniques, Reagents, and Errors
85 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of laboratory errors?

  • Albumin and Alkaline phosphatase levels
  • Calcium and Magnesium levels
  • Improper calculation (correct)
  • Height and weight variations

    • What is the first set of labs ordered on initial patient presentation?

  • Chloride and CO2 levels
  • Sodium and Potassium levels
  • Basic Metabolic Panel and Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (correct)
  • Glucose and Blood Urea Nitrogen

    • Which of the following is the most prevalent cation in extracellular fluid?

  • Potassium
  • CO2
  • Sodium (correct)
  • Chloride

    • What is the normal range for sodium levels?

    <p>135 - 147 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypernatremia refer to?

    <p>An excess in Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyponatremia refer to?

    <p>A decrease in Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hyponatremia?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which panel includes BMP, Albumin, and Alkaline phosphatase?

    <p>Comprehensive Metabolic Panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is important in regulating serum osmolality, fluid balance, and acid-base balance?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in the Basic Metabolic Panel?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels?

    <p>3.5 - 5 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Maintenance of fluid balance and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CO2 in the body?

    <p>Regulating physiologic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    <p>Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of creatine in the body?

    <p>Skeletal muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum creatine level indicate?

    <p>Renal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the setting of renal dysfunction, what does a BUN/Creatine ratio > 20 suggest?

    <p>Intravascular depression or pre-renal cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting range for Glucose?

    <p>$70 - 99$ mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause hyperkalemia?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Chloride in the body?

    <p>Regulating fluid balance and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hypochloremia refer to?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CO2 in the body?

    <p>Regulating physiologic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Blood Urea Nitrogen?

    <p>Marker of renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause increased Blood Urea Nitrogen?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum creatine level indicate?

    <p>Renal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting range for Glucose?

    <p>$70 - 110$ mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause Hypokalemia?

    <p>Alcohol abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of Hypochloremia?

    <p>Prolonged vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which panel includes BUN, Creatine, and Glucose?

    <p>Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hypercarbia refer to?

    <p>Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of laboratory errors in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Proper sample collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of lab tests, what is the main function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Assisting in nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting range for Glucose in lab tests?

    <p>$70-99$ mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypernatremia in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum creatinine level indicate in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Kidney dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which panel includes Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, CO2, Glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen, and Serum Creatinine in lab tests?

    <p>Basic Metabolic Panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyponatremia refer to in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Decrease in Sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the setting of renal dysfunction, what does a BUN/Creatinine ratio > 20 suggest in lab tests?

    <p>Normal kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of creatinine in the body in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Waste product filtered by kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperkalemia in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in lab tests?

    <p>3.5-5 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CO2 in the body in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Aiding in acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of potassium in the body?

    <p>Regulation of nerve excitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause hyperkalemia?

    <p>Cushing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Chloride in serum?

    <p>95-105 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CO2 in the body?

    <p>Regulate physiologic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    <p>10-20 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Creatine in the body?

    <p>Energy production in muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum Creatine level indicate?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a BUN/Creatinine ratio > 20 suggest in the setting of renal dysfunction?

    <p>Intravascular depression or pre-renal cause e.g. dehydration, GI bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hypercarbia refer to?

    <p>Increased blood carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting diabetic range for Glucose?

    <p>80-130 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in lab tests?

    <p>3.5-5.0 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Regulating fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyponatremia refer to?

    <p>Decrease in Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in lab tests?

    <p>$3.5 - 5.0$ mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CO2 in the body?

    <p>Assisting in acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause Hyponatremia?

    <p>$SIADH$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of Hypochloremia?

    <p>$Severe burns$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum creatinine level indicate?

    <p>$Chronic renal failure$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting range for Glucose?

    <p>70-99 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which panel includes Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, CO2, Glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen, and Serum Creatinine in lab tests?

    <p>Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for sodium levels in lab tests?

    <p>135-147 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause hypernatremia?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypercarbia refer to?

    <p>Excessive CO2 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum creatinine level indicate?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause hyponatremia?

    <p>SIADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Fluid balance and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CO2 in the body?

    <p>Buffering pH and maintaining acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperkalemia refer to?

    <p>Excess potassium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in lab tests?

    <p>$3.5-5$ mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause hypochloremia?

    <p>Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the setting of renal dysfunction, what does a BUN/Creatinine ratio > 20 suggest?

    <p>Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyponatremia refer to?

    <p>Decreased serum sodium level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Conducting a passive role in maintenance of fluid balance and acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of lab tests, what is the main function of potassium in the body?

    <p>Maintaining muscle function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypercarbia refer to?

    <p>High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CO2 in the body in the context of lab tests?

    <p>Regulating physiologic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased serum Creatinine level indicate?

    <p>Renal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laboratory Errors and Electrolyte Imbalances

    • A potential cause of laboratory errors is an incorrect sample or sample contamination.
    • The first set of labs ordered on initial patient presentation typically includes a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP).

    Electrolyte Imbalances

    • Sodium is the most prevalent cation in extracellular fluid.
    • The normal range for sodium levels is 135-145 mmol/L.
    • Hypernatremia refers to elevated sodium levels (>145 mmol/L), which can be caused by dehydration or diuretic use.
    • Hyponatremia refers to low sodium levels (<135 mmol/L), which can be caused by heart failure or liver disease.

    Potassium

    • The normal range for potassium levels is 3.5-5.5 mmol/L.
    • Hyperkalemia refers to elevated potassium levels (>5.5 mmol/L), which can be caused by kidney disease or medication side effects.
    • Hypokalemia refers to low potassium levels (<3.5 mmol/L), which can be caused by diarrhea or vomiting.

    Chloride

    • Chloride is the primary anion in extracellular fluid.
    • The normal range for chloride levels is 96-106 mmol/L.
    • Hypochloremia refers to low chloride levels (<96 mmol/L), which can be caused by vomiting or diuretic use.

    CO2 and Blood Gases

    • CO2 is an important component of blood gases, helping regulate pH levels.
    • Hypercarbia refers to elevated CO2 levels (>45 mmol/L), which can be caused by respiratory acidosis.

    Renal Function Tests

    • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures kidney function.
    • The normal range for BUN is 7-20 mg/dL.
    • An increased BUN level can indicate kidney disease or obstruction.
    • Creatine measures kidney function and muscle mass.
    • The normal range for creatine is 0.5-1.1 mg/dL.
    • An increased creatine level indicates kidney disease or muscular dystrophy.

    Glucose

    • The normal fasting range for glucose is 70-100 mg/dL.
    • An increased glucose level can indicate diabetes or insulin resistance.

    Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

    • The CMP includes:
      • Sodium
      • Potassium
      • Chloride
      • CO2
      • Glucose
      • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
      • Serum Creatinine

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Therapetuics 1 Electrolytes And Lab Values PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on lab test variations and potential causes of laboratory errors. Learn about the factors contributing to variations in normal values for lab tests and the potential causes of laboratory errors.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser