Podcast
Questions and Answers
What movement is described as pointing the toes away from the body?
What movement is described as pointing the toes away from the body?
Which level of consciousness is characterized by someone who is lethargic but responsive to stimuli?
Which level of consciousness is characterized by someone who is lethargic but responsive to stimuli?
What is the correct term for moving an extremity away from the body?
What is the correct term for moving an extremity away from the body?
Which cranial nerve assessment does not involve eye symmetry or movement?
Which cranial nerve assessment does not involve eye symmetry or movement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a state where a person exhibits altered awareness of time, place, or person?
Which of the following describes a state where a person exhibits altered awareness of time, place, or person?
Signup and view all the answers
What Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates a serious condition requiring urgent medical attention?
What Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates a serious condition requiring urgent medical attention?
Signup and view all the answers
Which movement involves the rotation of an extremity outward?
Which movement involves the rotation of an extremity outward?
Signup and view all the answers
What phase of memory retrieval would involve recalling what day it is?
What phase of memory retrieval would involve recalling what day it is?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the involuntary eye movement commonly observed in clients with strokes?
What is the term for the involuntary eye movement commonly observed in clients with strokes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of lymph nodes are described as hard and immobile?
Which type of lymph nodes are described as hard and immobile?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct order of blood flow from the body back to the heart?
What is the correct order of blood flow from the body back to the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What findings are typically associated with inflamed lymph nodes?
What findings are typically associated with inflamed lymph nodes?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the dorsal recumbent position?
What characterizes the dorsal recumbent position?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the landmarks for chest/thorax assessments?
Which of the following is NOT one of the landmarks for chest/thorax assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
What does PMI stand for in cardiac assessment?
What does PMI stand for in cardiac assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skin lesion is characterized as elevated and filled with pus?
Which skin lesion is characterized as elevated and filled with pus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the abnormal sound indicating a heart murmur called?
What is the abnormal sound indicating a heart murmur called?
Signup and view all the answers
What does cyanosis indicate about the patient’s condition?
What does cyanosis indicate about the patient’s condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does presbyopia have on vision?
What effect does presbyopia have on vision?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following postural abnormalities describes an exaggerated lumbar curve?
Which of the following postural abnormalities describes an exaggerated lumbar curve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of a macule?
What is the primary characteristic of a macule?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds indicate?
What does a capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a wheal?
Which of the following describes a wheal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skin color variation is indicated by a yellow-orange hue?
Which skin color variation is indicated by a yellow-orange hue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic feature of petechiae?
What is the characteristic feature of petechiae?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes hyperactive bowel sounds?
What describes hyperactive bowel sounds?
Signup and view all the answers
How is a pulse rated as '2' on the pulse scale?
How is a pulse rated as '2' on the pulse scale?
Signup and view all the answers
Which lung sounds are loudest during expiration?
Which lung sounds are loudest during expiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be assessed when checking for acute appendicitis?
What should be assessed when checking for acute appendicitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a pitting edema indicate?
What does a pitting edema indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the body is NOT found in the right lower quadrant?
Which part of the body is NOT found in the right lower quadrant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common assessment for pneumonia?
What is a common assessment for pneumonia?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Lab Test 1: Assessment
-
Positions for Examination:
- Dorsal Recumbent: lying on back, knees pulled in, hips externally rotated
- Supine: lying on back, legs extended
- Sitting
- Lithotomy: lying on back, feet supported in stirrups
- Sims: lying on side, lower arm behind body, upper arm and leg flexed
- Prone: lying on stomach, head turned to side
-
Skin Color Variations:
- Cyanosis: blue coloration, poor circulation, insufficient oxygen
- Jaundice: yellow-orange coloration, excessive bilirubin in blood
- Pallor: pale coloration, reduced oxyhaemoglobin in blood
- Erythema: reddening of skin, dilated capillaries
-
Primary Skin Lesions:
- Macule: flat, <1cm diameter, circular border (freckles, measles, petechiae)
- Papule: raised, solid, palpable mass, <0.5 cm (warts, plaques)
- Nodule: raised, solid, palpable mass, deeper than papule, irregular border (tumors)
- Vesicle: raised, fluid-filled, round/oval, thin walls (herpes, early chicken pox, blisters)
- Bulla: raised, fluid-filled, larger than vesicle (burns)
- Wheal: raised, reddish area, irregular border (insect bites, hives)
- Pustule: raised, pus-filled vesicle/bulla (acne, boils)
- Cyst: raised, encapsulated, solid/fluid-filled mass (sebaceous cysts, epidermoid cysts)
Visual Examination
- Presbyopia: difficulty seeing close up (aging)
- Myopia: difficulty seeing far away
- Cataracts: cloudiness in lens, interfering with clear vision
- Strabismus: crossed eyes, poor neuromuscular control
- Nystagmus: involuntary eye movements (e.g., strokes)
- Visual fields: area of vision in each direction
- PERRLA: pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
- Red reflex: red-orange flash when light reflects off retina (infant test)
Lymph Nodes
- Normal Lymph Nodes: mobile, soft, moves with circular motion
- Inflamed Lymph Nodes: swollen, puffy, enlarged, painful, or tender
- Malignant Lymph Nodes: hard, immobile
Chest/Thorax Landmarks
- Suprasternal notch: notch at lower neck above collarbones
- Manubrium: upper part of sternum
- Sternal angle: angle where manubrium meets sternum body
- Ribs: include 2nd rib and 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular and midscapular lines, midaxillary, costal angle.
Cardiac Assessment
- PMI: point of maximal impulse (mitral area, apex of heart)
- Murmur: abnormal heart sound, often caused by turbulent blood flow (e.g., valve problems)
- Thrill: vibratory sensation felt on skin during a murmur (indicating loud murmur)
- Bruit: abnormal blowing or swishing sound (often heard with stethoscope)
- Blood flow pathway: Superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta.
Self Breast and Self Testicular Exam
- Breast exam: perform monthly self-palpation, breasts should be smooth, firm and elastic
- Self testicular exams: check bulging, non-erect penis is soft and flaccid, no lesions, redness, sores, discharge
Musculoskeletal Assessment
- Postural abnormalities: lordosis (exaggerated lumbar curve), kyphosis (hunchback), scoliosis (crooked spine)
- Hypertonicity: muscle over-flexion
- Hypotonicity: less muscle tension, flaccid
- ROM positions: flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, pronation, supination, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation
Neurological Assessment
- Level of Consciousness: full consciousness, 4(walkie talkie), 3(stupors) ,2(drowsy/ disoriented) ,1(coma).
- Confusion, disorientation, obtundation, stupor, coma: different levels of consciousness.
- Neurological deficits: observed based on responses to stimuli
Other Assessments
- Aphasia/Deep Coma: difficulty speaking, unresponsive
- Cranial Nerves: symmetry during eye, shoulder shrugging, tongue in cheek and eyebrow test
- 5 Ps: pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia (weird sensations), paralysis
- Glasgow Coma Scale: 3-15 (lowest score indicates greater neurological damage)
- Delirium: confused, disorientated (short-term, e.g., poor oxygenation, infections, medication)
- Dementia: irreversible cognitive decline (long-term)
- Memory assessment: immediate, recent, and remote memory
- Leukoplakia: white patches in mouth
- Bowel sounds: hypoactive, hyperactive, absent
- Breath sounds: vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
- Pulse, edema scale, petechiae: indicators of circulation, swelling, and pinpoint skin marks.
- Quadrants: (upper left and right, lower left and right) for abdominal organ assessment (liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential positions for examination and skin color variations crucial for assessing patients. Additionally, it examines primary skin lesions, including definitions and examples. Test your knowledge with various questions related to these key assessment skills.
