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Questions and Answers
Which type of gloves should be used when handling water-soluble products?
Which type of gloves should be used when handling water-soluble products?
What is one of the reasons for immediately washing your hands after removing gloves?
What is one of the reasons for immediately washing your hands after removing gloves?
When should gloves be changed during laboratory work?
When should gloves be changed during laboratory work?
What should be done to avoid thermal energy generation when working with acids?
What should be done to avoid thermal energy generation when working with acids?
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What type of gloves is suitable for handling toxic or corrosive products?
What type of gloves is suitable for handling toxic or corrosive products?
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What should be done with hoods when they are not in use?
What should be done with hoods when they are not in use?
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Which of the following gloves is appropriate for manipulation of glassware?
Which of the following gloves is appropriate for manipulation of glassware?
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What is a key precaution when working with acids and bases?
What is a key precaution when working with acids and bases?
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What should be avoided when using glassware during experiments?
What should be avoided when using glassware during experiments?
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What is the purpose of lubricating glass tubing before inserting it into rubber stoppers?
What is the purpose of lubricating glass tubing before inserting it into rubber stoppers?
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Why is it important to keep hair and clothing away from an open flame?
Why is it important to keep hair and clothing away from an open flame?
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What should be done when preparing to heat a sealed container?
What should be done when preparing to heat a sealed container?
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When is it advisable to utilize wooden tongs in the laboratory?
When is it advisable to utilize wooden tongs in the laboratory?
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What is a critical step before the first use of laboratory equipment?
What is a critical step before the first use of laboratory equipment?
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What risk is associated with putting equipment washed with solvents in a drying oven?
What risk is associated with putting equipment washed with solvents in a drying oven?
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What should always be done when an open flame is in use?
What should always be done when an open flame is in use?
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What is one of the main purposes of familiarizing oneself with lab risks?
What is one of the main purposes of familiarizing oneself with lab risks?
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Which protective gear is mandatory in the laboratory?
Which protective gear is mandatory in the laboratory?
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Why is it important to tie up long hair in the lab?
Why is it important to tie up long hair in the lab?
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Which of the following is NOT allowed in the laboratory?
Which of the following is NOT allowed in the laboratory?
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How should one prepare for lab activities to ensure safety?
How should one prepare for lab activities to ensure safety?
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What should you do if you are unfamiliar with the task at hand in the lab?
What should you do if you are unfamiliar with the task at hand in the lab?
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What is advised when handling dangerous substances?
What is advised when handling dangerous substances?
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Why should contact lenses be avoided in the lab environment?
Why should contact lenses be avoided in the lab environment?
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What should be done first in the event of an electrocution?
What should be done first in the event of an electrocution?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
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What is the first step to take if respiratory arrest occurs due to an electrocution?
What is the first step to take if respiratory arrest occurs due to an electrocution?
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Why are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) important before using chemicals?
Why are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) important before using chemicals?
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Which system aims to standardize the classification and labeling of hazardous materials globally?
Which system aims to standardize the classification and labeling of hazardous materials globally?
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What position should an individual be placed in if they experience faintness or convulsions?
What position should an individual be placed in if they experience faintness or convulsions?
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What does the GHS specifically provide criteria for?
What does the GHS specifically provide criteria for?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of an MSDS?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of an MSDS?
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What is the primary reason for using suitable eyewear in laboratory sections with lasers?
What is the primary reason for using suitable eyewear in laboratory sections with lasers?
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Which action should be taken when dealing with eye injuries caused by corrosive substances?
Which action should be taken when dealing with eye injuries caused by corrosive substances?
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What should you do if a colleague is inhaling toxic gas?
What should you do if a colleague is inhaling toxic gas?
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To maintain safety when operating lasers, what position should you avoid aligning your head with?
To maintain safety when operating lasers, what position should you avoid aligning your head with?
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In the case of skin chemical burns, what is the immediate recommended action?
In the case of skin chemical burns, what is the immediate recommended action?
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What should be done with form parts lodged in the eye?
What should be done with form parts lodged in the eye?
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What is recommended for controlling hemorrhages?
What is recommended for controlling hemorrhages?
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What does it mean to employ beam stops in a laboratory setting with lasers?
What does it mean to employ beam stops in a laboratory setting with lasers?
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Study Notes
Lab Safety Introduction
- Working in a lab can be enjoyable, but it's essential to be aware of the risks.
- This chapter aims to provide you with knowledge about lab hazards, helping you prevent injuries, equipment damage, and ensure timely project completion.
- Labs offer hands-on experience to enhance your theoretical knowledge. Mastering safe lab techniques is crucial, regardless of your experience level.
- You'll learn how to prevent accidents and how to respond to them if they occur.
- Building good lab habits early on is easier than breaking bad ones later.
Personal Protection Safety Rules
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Before starting any lab work:
- Prepare for the lab session in advance.
- Review the lab procedures and consider potential hazards.
- Mentally plan your activities for the day.
- Be vigilant for any general hazards while working.
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Mandatory safety attire in the lab:
- Wear safety goggles at all times.
- Wear a lab coat with a front closure.
- Tie up long hair to prevent it from getting caught in equipment.
- Wear appropriate gloves when handling hazardous substances.
- Wear closed-toe shoes (no sandals, flip-flops, etc.).
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Prohibited activities in the lab:
- Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited.
- Wearing inappropriate clothing (loose sleeves, flammable fabrics, shawls) is not allowed.
- Wearing headphones is prohibited due to potential for not hearing alarms.
- Working alone is not permitted; always have a colleague within earshot.
- Wearing contact lenses is not allowed.
- Bringing chemical products into or out of the building is prohibited.
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Always practice good lab hygiene:
- Familiarize yourself with the tasks at hand. If unsure about a task, seek help.
- Carefully read all instructions.
- Understand the chemistry involved.
- Plan delicate manipulations carefully and calmly.
- Think before acting.
Protective Shields
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Gloves:
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Types:
- Water-soluble products: Latex (yellow) or nitrile (blue) gloves.
- Acids, bases, alcohols: Vinyl (white) or nitrile gloves.
- Toxic or corrosive products, solvents: Nitrile gloves.
- Manipulation of glassware: Kevlar (green) gloves.
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General information:
- Gloves are available plain or powdered.
- Nitrile gloves are more expensive than latex gloves.
- Lab gloves are for protection and should be removed before touching keyboards, telephones, door handles, etc., to avoid spreading contamination.
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How to remove gloves:
- Peel off the first glove by grabbing it with the cuff.
- Wrap it into a ball and put it inside the still-protected hand.
- Peel off the second glove, touching only its interior surface.
- Enclose the second glove in the first one.
- Immediately wash your hands after removing gloves.
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When to change gloves:
- As soon as a glove is soiled or leaks.
- At the end of a manipulation (except for special red gloves).
- At least every hour (except for special red gloves), as gloves become porous over time.
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Hoods
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Hoods protect your health and safety, and that of your colleagues.
- To ensure proper ventilation:
- Lower the glass panel.
- Close unused hoods.
- Turn off ventilation in unused hoods to save energy.
- Maintain at least one hood per lab running on low speed, even at night.
- To ensure proper ventilation:
Guidelines for Chemical Safety
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Acids and Bases:
- Even water can be dangerous. Familiarize yourself with potential hazards before starting any experiment.
- Acids and bases are frequently used reagents.
- Do not mix acids and bases unless instructed. Combining them can release heat, causing harm.
- Always dilute acids and bases by adding them to water, never the other way around. Diluting the wrong way can cause an explosion.
- Do not use sinks for any chemical experiments other than those specified in the lab instructions.
- Use appropriate disposal methods for chemicals (consult your teacher).
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Glassware:
- Inspect glassware for cracks or fractures every time you use it. Avoid using broken glassware.
- Fire-polish glassware with sharp edges.
- Transport long glassware upright.
- Use suitable holders for rotating equipment (thermometers, pipettes).
- Lubricate glass tubing, thermometers, or other objects before inserting them into rubber stoppers, corks, or rubber tubing connections. Be careful not to apply excessive force and wear gloves.
- Avoid placing hot glassware on cold or wet surfaces. Use wooden tongs to hold hot glassware until it cools down.
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Equipment:
- Always inform the lab technician and receive proper training before using any instrument. Review manuals and standard operating procedures.
- Exercise caution when working with open flames. Keep hair and clothing away from flames.
- Use wooden tongs when handling open flames.
- Supervise open flames at all times. Turn off hobs and electrical heaters when not in use.
- Never heat a sealed container as pressure buildup can cause it to explode.
- Do not manually adjust the temperature of heating devices like ovens or muffle furnaces. Get assistance from lab technicians if needed.
- Do not use plastic gloves when operating an oven or muffle furnace.
- Use tongs when working with high temperatures.
- Do not put equipment washed with solvents in a drying oven as it could explode.
- Always wear appropriate eyewear in areas with lasers.
- Most laser injuries occur from reflections off surfaces, mirrors, or mounts. Use laser curtains and signage.
- Wear laser-safe goggles to protect yourself from scattered light.
- Never align your head with a laser beam.
- Keep lasers at or below chest level.
- Never disperse laser beams in the lab. Use beam stops to block them.
- Avoid crossing laser beams.
First Aid
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In case of an accident:
- Quickly remove injured individuals from the hazardous area while focusing on your own safety.
- The following measures are temporary until medical aid arrives.
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Eye injuries with corrosive substances:
- Rinse the eyes thoroughly with copious amounts of water (using eye showers or a douche) for at least 10 minutes. Keep the eyelids open with your fingers.
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Chemical burns on skin:
- Immediately remove contaminated clothing.
- Thoroughly cleanse the affected area using the emergency showers in the lab.
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Burns (from heat):
- Apply cold water to the burned area for about 10 minutes. Do not apply cream or oil.
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Inhalation of toxic gases:
- Stop the source of the gas while ensuring your own safety.
- Remove the injured person from the hazardous area.
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Eye injuries with foreign objects:
- Do not attempt first aid. Wait for a trained professional.
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Open wounds, bites, scrapes:
- Apply a sterile bandage using a first aid kit.
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Ingestion of chemical substances:
- Rinse the mouth extensively with water. Do not induce vomiting.
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Hemorrhage:
- Elevate the injured limb.
- Apply pressure with your fingers or hand to stop the bleeding.
- Cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
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Fractures:
- Reassure the individual and avoid moving the injured limb.
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Electrocution:
- Deactivate the electrical power by switching off the fuse located in the corridors.
- If respiratory arrest occurs, start artificial ventilation until help arrives.
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Breathing stops:
- Administer artificial respiration using a pocket mask or protective sheet (if performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation).
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Faintness, convulsions, unconsciousness:
- Gently place the individual in the recovery position.
- Protect their head with clothing or covering.
Safety Data Sheets
- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provide detailed information about the potential hazards and safety precautions associated with a specific material or substance.
- Many chemicals used in labs pose risks to human health. Understanding their properties is crucial for both health considerations and to determine proper first aid in case of an accident.
- Before using any chemical, thoroughly read and follow the MSDS and conduct experiments under appropriate conditions.
- Each chemical's MSDS should include:
- Chemical name.
- Manufacturer's contact information.
- Hazardous ingredients or identity.
- Physical and chemical properties.
- Fire and explosion hazard data.
- Health hazard data.
- First aid measures.
- Handling and storage procedures.
- Note: MSDS can be accessed online at http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html.
- Everyone should be able to access MSDS for any chemicals they use.
Globally Harmonized System (GHS)
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GHS is a UN-managed standard that aims to standardize the classification and labeling of hazardous materials globally.
- It replaced many different classification systems previously in use.
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GHS aims to:
- Harmonize chemical hazard communication elements worldwide.
- Standardize hazard classification criteria globally.
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Description
This quiz covers essential lab safety rules and precautions you must follow while working in a laboratory. You'll learn about hazards, personal protection equipment, and how to prevent and respond to accidents effectively. Master these techniques to ensure a safe and productive lab experience.
