Lab Safety Basics in Biology

Lab Safety

• Students should familiarize themselves with lab safety rules and the location of safety equipment.
• Before entering the lab, students must turn off their cell phones, tie back long hair, remove large jewelry, and wear appropriate attire (closed-toe shoes and lab coat).
• Students must carefully read and follow all instructions provided by the instructor and seek clarification if needed.
• Always use proper techniques and protection when handling chemicals, and ensure that any spills are reported to the instructor.
• Students should always wear gloves and safety goggles when handling chemicals.
• Never directly smell or mouth pipette any chemicals.
• Dispose of all used sharp objects and biohazardous waste materials in designated containers.
• Wash hands before and after lab investigations.
• Be aware of the locations of safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets, first-aid kits, safety showers, and eyewash stations.

Introduction to Biology and The Scientific Method

• Biology involves observation, experimentation, and explanation of living phenomena.
• Students are tasked with designing an experiment to explore the effects of antibacterial agents or temperature on bacterial growth.
• Key steps in the scientific method include formulating a question, developing a hypothesis, identifying independent and dependent variables, and controlling variables.
• The independent variable is the factor being manipulated or changed in the experiment, while the dependent variable is the outcome being measured.
• Controlled variables are kept constant to ensure a fair comparison.

Scientific Measurements

• The metric system is used for scientific measurements, using base units like meters for length, grams for weight/mass, and liters for volume.
• Length is measured using rulers, focusing on precision and recording all known digits and the first uncertain digit.
• Weight/mass is measured using balances, such as triple-beam balances or top-loading scales.
• Liquid volume is measured using graduated cylinders or pipettes, reading the volume at the bottom of the meniscus.
• Solid object volume can be calculated using formulas, for example, volume of a wooden block = length x width x depth.
• Temperature is measured using scientific thermometers calibrated in Celsius (°C), with water boiling at 100 °C and freezing at 0 °C.
• Formulas exist to convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
• When taking measurements, students should use significant figures, recording all known digits and the first uncertain digit.

Taking Measurements

• Students are tasked with measuring the length and width of different geometric shapes using a metric ruler.
• Measurements must be recorded using significant figures.
• The area of the geometric shapes needs to be calculated using the measurements obtained, and the formula area = width x length.

This quiz covers essential lab safety rules and procedures every student should know before entering a biology lab. It emphasizes the importance of proper attire, usage of safety equipment, and correct handling of chemicals. Ensure you understand these practices to maintain a safe learning environment.