Lab Safety and Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What procedure is used to separate substances in a mixture?

  • Acceleration of gravitational force based on density (correct)
  • Evaporation based on boiling points
  • Centifugation to separate solid from liquid
  • Filtration using a membrane

Which hazard symbol indicates a substance is flammable?

  • Biohazard
  • Droplet
  • Skull and Crossbones
  • Flaming (correct)

Which of the following describes the correct manner to read a pipette?

  • Read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus (correct)
  • Look at the average of both meniscus levels
  • Use the highest digital reading for accuracy
  • Measure from the top of the meniscus

What does the skull and crossbones hazard symbol indicate?

<p>Poisonous or toxic substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hazard is represented by the tree and fish symbol?

<p>Environmental hazard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of incubating samples in a water bath?

<p>To maintain a constant temperature for optimal reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic associated with the 'oxidizer' hazard symbol?

<p>Causes corrosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When separating dense substances from lighter ones, which method is most effective?

<p>Utilizing a centrifuge to create density gradients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a volumetric flask?

<p>To hold a fixed volume of liquids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically designed for the precise delivery of liquids?

<p>Burette (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is specifically designed for measuring precise volumes of fluids?

<p>Pipette (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is primarily used to maintain the organization of multiple test tubes?

<p>Test tube rack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of equipment is used for separating components of a sample based on density differences?

<p>Centrifuge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a volumetric flask in a laboratory?

<p>To prepare solutions in precise amounts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does detergent play in the DNA isolation process?

<p>To capture lipids and proteins, freeing the DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is alcohol used during DNA isolation?

<p>To precipitate DNA, making it visible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of NaCl in the DNA isolation process?

<p>To precipitate DNA and neutralize its charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does meat tenderizer contribute to DNA isolation?

<p>By digesting proteins that bind to DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct relationship between pH and [H+] concentration?

<p>pH = -log[H+] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly calculates molarity (M)?

<p>M = Moles of solute / volume of solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a DNA purity ratio higher than 2 indicate?

<p>Contamination with RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Solution

A liquid mixture used in a laboratory procedure.

Microscopic Specimens

A technique used to examine very small objects, usually with a microscope.

Separating Substances by Density

Separating different substances based on their density by using gravitational force.

Incubating Samples

Maintaining a sample at a constant temperature, often using a water bath.

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Hazard Symbol

A symbol that warns about the potential hazards of a chemical substance.

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Flammable

Describes a substance that can easily catch fire.

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Meniscus

A visual representation of the volume of liquid inside a pipette.

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Pipette

Device used to measure and transfer precise volumes of liquids.

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pH Scale

The range of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, measured on a scale from 0 to 14.

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Detergent (Soap)

A substance that breaks down lipids and proteins, separating them from DNA during isolation.

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Alcohol (Ethanol/Isopropanol)

A liquid that causes DNA to solidify, making it visible and easier to collect.

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NaCl (Salt)

A chemical compound that helps in DNA precipitation by neutralizing its negative charge, preventing clumping.

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Meat Tenderizer (Enzymes)

Enzymes that break down proteins that tightly bind to DNA.

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DNA Isolation

The process of isolating and separating DNA from cells or tissues.

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Centrifugation

The process of separating different substances based on their density by using gravitational force.

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Cell Lysis

A technique used to break open cells or tissues to release their contents, including DNA.

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Wash Buffer

A chemical solution used to dissolve and wash away unwanted components during DNA isolation.

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Purification

The process of removing unwanted substances or impurities from a sample, like DNA.

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pH

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in a solution.

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pOH

The negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration ([OH-]) in a solution.

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Calculating [H+]

The concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) in a solution can be calculated by taking the antilogarithm of the negative pH value.

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Calculating [OH-]

The concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) in a solution can be calculated by taking the antilogarithm of the negative pOH value.

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Molar Solution

A solution containing one mole of solute per liter of solution.

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Normal Solution

A solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution.

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Equivalent Weight

The weight of a substance that reacts with or is equivalent to one mole of hydrogen ions (for acids) or hydroxide ions (for bases).

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Molal Solution

A solution containing one mole of solute per kilogram of solvent.

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Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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Molality

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solution.

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What is a Burette?

A laboratory instrument used to accurately deliver fixed volumes of liquids.

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What is a Balance used for?

A laboratory instrument used to measure the mass of a substance, often in grams.

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What is a Hotplate/Magnetic Stirrer?

A laboratory instrument used to heat and stir solutions, often with a magnetic stirrer.

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What is a pH-meter used for?

A laboratory instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, using a scale from 0 to 14.

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What does a Spectrometer do?

A laboratory instrument used to measure the concentration of a specific compound in a solution by analyzing light intensity at different wavelengths.

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Why use a Microscope?

Used for looking at small specimens that we can't see with our naked eye.

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What does a Centrifuge do?

A laboratory instrument used to separate substances based on their density by spinning them at high speed.

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Test tube

A small, cylindrical glass tube used to hold and manipulate small amounts of samples in experiments.

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Test tube rack

A rack designed to hold multiple test tubes upright, providing stability and organization.

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Test tube holder

A tool used to grip and hold test tubes, especially those that may be hot.

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Micropipette

Similar to a pipette but designed for extremely small volumes of liquid.

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Burette

A graduated tube with a stopcock used for dispensing precise volumes of liquid.

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Balance

A device used for accurately measuring mass, typically in grams.

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Hotplate

An instrument for heating substances, often used with a magnetic stir plate.

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pH-meter

A device used to measure the pH or acidity of a liquid sample.

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Microscope

An instrument that uses lenses to magnify images of small objects such as cells or organic compounds.

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Study Notes

Lab Equipment and Uses

  • Test Tube: Used to hold and test small amounts of chemicals.
  • Test Tube Rack: Holds test tubes.
  • Test Tube Holder: Holds test tubes.
  • Dropper: Adds small volumes of liquids.
  • Pipette: Delivers small volumes of liquids (millimeters).
  • Micropipette: Delivers small volumes of liquids (micrometers).
  • Burette: Accurate delivery of liquid volumes.
  • Round Flask: Used to hold and heat liquids.
  • Volumetric Flask: Holds a fixed volume of liquid.
  • Erlenmeyer Flask: Used to hold, heat, and mix liquids; reduces evaporation.
  • Funnel: Reduces liquid evaporation in small containers; used for pouring and measuring liquids.
  • Beaker: Pour and measure liquids.
  • Balance: Measures mass (weight).
  • Hotplate/Magnetic Stirrer: Heats materials; mixes solutions with a magnetic stirrer.
  • pH-meter: Measures pH of aqueous solutions.
  • Spectrometer: Measures light intensity at specific wavelengths, to identify the concentration of a compound in an aqueous solution.
  • Microscope: Used to look at microscopic specimens.
  • Centrifuge: Separates substances of different densities in a mixture by accelerating gravitational force.
  • Water Bath: Incubates samples in water at a constant temperature.

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