Lab Practical 3: Animal Kingdom - Arthropoda
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Questions and Answers

What is Phylum Arthropoda known for?

  • Having a rigid internal skeleton
  • Being the largest phylum of plants
  • Being the most diverse phylum of animals (correct)
  • Living in aquatic environments only
  • What type of skeleton do arthropods have?

    Chitinous exoskeleton

    Which subphylum includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp?

  • Myriapoda
  • Crustacea (correct)
  • Chelicerata
  • Hexapoda
  • What are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata?

    <p>Chelicerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many body segments do chelicerates have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leg structure do Hexapoda possess?

    <p>Uniramous legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The subphylum Myriapoda includes __________ and __________.

    <p>millipedes, centipedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptations do horseshoe crabs have for locomotion and protection?

    <p>Carapace and appendages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the appendages of abdominal segments in horseshoe crabs?

    <p>Book gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do scorpions appear menacing?

    <p>Stinger and pedipalps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of most spider chelicerae?

    <p>Like hooks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many eyes do most spiders have?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature makes many spiders hairy, and why is this adaptive?

    <p>Hair provides sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the compound features of Subphylum Crustacea?

    <p>Biramous appendages and two pairs of antennae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the mouthparts of crayfish adapted?

    <p>Different structures for different functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phylum Arthropoda

    • Most diverse and abundant animal phylum.
    • Features a rigid exoskeleton and jointed appendages adapted for various functions including locomotion and defense.
    • Has segmented bodies, coelomates, and an open circulatory system.
    • Exoskeleton composed of chitin, offering protection and a moisture barrier while facilitating muscle attachment.
    • Shed exoskeleton to grow; primary study focuses on appendage variation.
    • Divided into four subphyla: Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda.

    Subphylum Crustacea

    • Characterized by mandibles for mouthparts and biramous appendages (two-branched).
    • Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and isopods.
    • Possess specialized appendages for various functions.

    Subphylum Chelicerata

    • Mouthparts known as chelicerae, functioning as pincers or fangs.
    • Comprises horseshoe crabs and spiders; structured with two body segments: cephalothorax and abdomen.
    • Arachnids have a cephalothorax with one pair of chelicerae, one pair of pedipalps, and four pairs of legs.
    • Distinguishing feature includes the absence of antennae.

    Subphylum Hexapoda

    • Features mandibles for mouthparts and uniramous appendages (single-branched).
    • Dominated by insects, representing the most species-rich group among eukaryotes.
    • Typically have six legs and two pairs of wings.
    • Inhabit nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and fill various ecological roles.
    • Exhibits two forms of metamorphosis and includes ten significant insect orders.

    Subphylum Myriapoda

    • Characterized by mandibles and a head followed by numerous body segments with paired uniramous appendages.
    • Includes millipedes and centipedes.

    Class Merostomata (Horseshoe Crabs)

    • Shaped carapace covers the cephalothorax; flexible joints separate it from the abdomen.
    • Features five pairs of walking appendages; anterior pair modified as pedipalps.
    • Chelicerae located anterior to pedipalps and degenerated legs, known as chilaria, are present.
    • Abdominal appendages modified into book gills for gas exchange.

    Adaptation and Structure

    • The chitinous covering functions as a skeleton, aiding in muscle attachment and protection.
    • Horseshoe crab's external features like carapace and dorsal eyes facilitate burrowing and scavenging in sandy environments.
    • "Book" gills appear like pages in a book, assisting in respiration.

    Class Arachnida

    • Most diverse class of chelicerates, primarily terrestrial.
    • Cephalothorax has fangs modified from chelicerae for prey capture.
    • Pedipalps serve to manipulate food and sense the environment; possess four pairs of walking legs.
    • Scorpions are identified as early terrestrial arthropods.

    Scorpion Features

    • Scorpions appear menacing due to their stinger and large pedipalps.
    • Pedipalps are larger than scorpion chelicerae, which are hook-shaped.

    Spider Characteristics

    • Most spiders have eight eyes, often paired but varying in size.
    • Body segmentation is evidenced by the segmented appearance of legs.
    • Hairy texture in many spider species serves a sensory function.

    Class Crustacea Anatomy

    • Includes crayfish, crabs, and shrimps; inhabits marine and freshwater environments.
    • Biramous appendages and two pairs of antennae; characterized by compound eyes.
    • Mandibles are opposing and derived from anterior appendages; cephalothorax covered by carapace.
    • Five anterior pairs of appendages serve specific roles ranging from sensory to locomotion.
    • Swimmerets or pleopods assist in reproduction; uropods surround the telson.

    Adaptive Features of Crayfish

    • The diversity in mouthpart shapes allows crayfish to consume various food sizes and textures, beneficial for their scavenger diet.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Phylum Arthropoda, the most diverse and abundant group of animals. This quiz features key concepts such as their structure, adaptations, and evolutionary significance. Perfect for students studying biology and animal classifications.

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