Lab 10: Amphioxus and Dogfish Shark

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Questions and Answers

What is the classification of Amphioxus?

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordate

All of the above (correct)

What function does the dorsal fin of Amphioxus serve?

Extends the entire body and broadens the body.

What is the function of the caudal fin in Amphioxus?

Propulsion and steering.

The rostrum of Amphioxus is ___

not defined. Signup and view all the answers

What does the oral hood do in Amphioxus?

Serves as an entrance and storage for food. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the atriopore located in Amphioxus?

In front of the ventral fin. Signup and view all the answers

What are myotomes responsible for in Amphioxus?

A significant number of the body's motor functions. Signup and view all the answers

What do gill bars and slits function as in Amphioxus?

A filter feeding device. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the notochord in Amphioxus?

Gives support to the body and maintains its shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anus in Amphioxus?

Excretion of waste. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gonads in Amphioxus?

Reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Dogfish Shark?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do the pectoral fins of a shark control?

The shark's direction as it swims. Signup and view all the answers

What do the pelvic fins of a shark control?

The shark's direction as it swims. Signup and view all the answers

What are claspers in sharks?

Pelvic fins on males used to transfer sperm during sex. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal fin in sharks?

Controls the shark's direction as it swims. Signup and view all the answers

What does the caudal fin do in sharks?

Propels the shark. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rostrum of a shark?

A pointed snout at the anterior end. Signup and view all the answers

What do spiracles in sharks allow?

Water to enter the mouth when holding food in its jaw. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gill slits in sharks?

Discharges water that has come through the mouth and passed over the gills. Signup and view all the answers

What does the lateral line in sharks do?

Helps sense movement/vibrations in the water. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cloacal opening located in sharks?

On the underside of the shark's body, towards the tail. Signup and view all the answers

What are placoid scales in sharks?

Tiny tough scales that are modified teeth covered with hard enamel. Signup and view all the answers

What does the peritoneum do in sharks?

Lines the interior of the body cavity and covers the organs. Signup and view all the answers

What are mesenteries in sharks?

Sheets of peritoneum that attach organs to the body wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in sharks?

Holds oil that makes sharks buoyant and stores nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What do hepatic veins in sharks do?

Carry blood from the liver to the sinus venosus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the hepatic portal vein do in sharks?

Takes blood from the abdominal viscera to the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder in sharks?

Stores bile. Signup and view all the answers

What does the bile duct do in sharks?

Produces bile, located between the stomach and liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the esophagus in sharks?

Connects the mouth to the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What type of organ is the stomach in sharks?

A J-shaped organ that functions in digestion. Signup and view all the answers

What are rugae in the stomach of sharks?

Folds that allow for more surface area and absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What is the duodenum in sharks?

Portion of the small intestine where many digestive secretions are added. Signup and view all the answers

What functions does the pancreas serve in sharks?

Secretes digestive enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What roles does the spleen play in sharks?

Blood reservoir and filtering blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ileum in sharks?

Largest, middle portion of the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amphioxus Classification

Belongs to Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordate
Commonly known as the Common Lancelet

Amphioxus Anatomy

Dorsal fin extends along the body, broadens, and becomes the ventral fin
Caudal fin is responsible for propulsion and steering at the posterior end
Rostrum serves as a distinctive feature, aiding in movement
Oral hood is a funnel-shaped membrane at the anterior end for food intake and storage
Atriopore is the opening of the atrium located in front of the ventral fin, allowing water exit
Myotomes are segmented muscle blocks that enable motor control
Gill bars and slits act as a filter feeding device
Notochord provides body support and shape, serving as a muscle attachment site
Anus is the site for waste excretion
Gonads are involved in reproduction

Dogfish Shark Classification

Classified under Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Order Squaliformes

Dogfish Shark Anatomy

Pectoral fins help control swimming direction
Pelvic fins also aid in directional control and are termed claspers in males for sperm transfer
Dorsal fin assists in swimming direction
Caudal fin is the primary propulsion structure
Rostrum features a pointed snout to reduce water resistance during swimming
Spiracles enable water intake when the mouth is occupied
Gill slits allow for water discharge after passing over the gills
Lateral line detects movement and vibrations in the water
Cloacal opening serves multiple systems for excretion and reproductive functions

Shark Physiology

Placoid scales, also known as dermal denticles, are modified teeth that provide protection
Peritoneum lines the body cavity and covers internal organs
Mesenteries are tissues that attach organs to the body wall
Liver stores oil for buoyancy, nutrients, and assists in digestion
Hepatic veins transport blood from the liver to the sinus venosus
Hepatic portal vein carries blood from abdominal organs to the liver
Gallbladder stores bile, while bile duct connects the gallbladder and liver
Esophagus links the mouth to the stomach
Stomach is J-shaped with cardiac and pyloric regions for digestion
Rugae are folds in the stomach that increase surface area for absorption
Duodenum is the small intestine section where digestive secretions are added
Pancreas produces digestive enzymes essential for food breakdown
Spleen acts as a blood reservoir, involved in immune responses and blood filtration
Ileum is the largest section of the intestine involved in digestion and absorption processes

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Description

Explore the fascinating anatomy and classification of Amphioxus in relation to the Dogfish Shark. This quiz covers key features such as the dorsal and caudal fins, enhancing your understanding of chordates. Test your knowledge with this focused study on these marine creatures.