L17: Peritoneum Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the peritoneum?

  • A type of blood vessel
  • A covering of organs in the abdominal cavity (correct)
  • A muscle that aids in digestion
  • A layer of tissue lining the stomach

How is the peritoneum divided?

  • Into the greater and lesser sacs
  • Into the parietal and visceral layers
  • Into the supracolic and infracolic compartments
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the function of the peritoneal fluid?

  • To protect the organs from infection
  • To allow the peritoneal layers to slide against each other with little friction (correct)
  • To provide nutrients to the organs
  • To aid in the digestion of food

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the inner surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls?

<p>The parietal peritoneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lesser sac (omental bursa)?

<p>To provide space for the expansion of the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the peritoneum is derived from the somatopleuric layer of the lateral plate mesoderm?

<p>The parietal peritoneum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the greater sac?

<p>To extend from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the outer surface of the viscera?

<p>The visceral peritoneum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior recess of the lesser sac?

<p>To separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the supracolic compartment?

<p>Intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiploic foramen?

<p>The communication between the lesser and greater sacs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures forms the inferior border of the epiploic foramen?

<p>Superior part of the duodenum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mesentery?

<p>The peritoneal fold that suspends organs from the posterior abdominal wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of mesentery mentioned in the text?

<p>Gastrosplenic ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greater omentum?

<p>Two layers of peritoneum that extend from the stomach and duodenum to neighboring organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the omenta is TRUE?

<p>The omenta are two layers of peritoneum that have fused (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a border of the epiploic foramen?

<p>Transverse mesocolon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesentery?

<p>To suspend organs from the posterior abdominal wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peritoneal ligaments?

<p>To attach organs to the abdominal wall and/or to other abdominal organs and hold them in position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the spleen?

<p>Hepatoduodenal ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the greater omentum extend to from the greater curvature of the stomach?

<p>To the duodenum, then down to the transverse colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the lesser omentum and the greater omentum?

<p>The lesser omentum is superior to the greater omentum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT considered an intraperitoneal organ?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ascites?

<p>Accumulation of more than 20 milliliters of fluid within the peritoneal cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament attaches the stomach to the liver?

<p>Gastrohepatic ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the neurovascular structures carried by the peritoneal ligaments?

<p>To supply blood and innervation to the abdominal organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT considered a retroperitoneal organ?

<p>Spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lesser omentum extend superiorly to from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum?

<p>To the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peritoneal cavity

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum, containing a small amount of serous fluid.

Mesentery

A fold of peritoneum that suspends organs from the posterior abdominal wall.

Peritoneum

A serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity, covering organs.

Parietal peritoneum

The outer layer of the peritoneum, lining the abdominal wall and the diaphragm.

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Visceral peritoneum

The inner layer of the peritoneum, covering the outer surface of abdominal organs.

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Peritoneal fluid

The fluid found in the peritoneal cavity, allowing smooth movement of organs.

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Supracolic compartment

The compartment of the abdominal cavity that lies above the transverse mesocolon, containing the liver, stomach and spleen.

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Infracolic compartment

The compartment of the abdominal cavity found below the transverse mesocolon. It's the larger lower portion.

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Omentum

A double layer of peritoneum extending from the stomach and duodenum to neighboring organs.

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Greater omentum

The larger of the two omenta; it covers the anterior surface of the small intestine.

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Lesser omentum

The smaller omentum that connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver.

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Epiploic foramen

A passage connecting the lesser sac to the greater sac.

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Lesser sac

The space behind the stomach and liver, in front of the pancreas and duodenum.

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Greater sac

The larger space in the abdominal cavity, extending from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity.

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Peritoneal ligaments

Bands of peritoneum that attach organs to the abdominal wall or other organs, also carrying blood vessels and nerves.

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Splenic ligaments

A ligament that supports the spleen and connects it to the diaphragm, stomach and kidney.

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Gastrophrenic ligament

A ligament connecting the stomach to the diaphragm.

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Gastrocolic ligament

A ligament connecting the stomach to the colon.

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Hepatic ligaments

Ligaments that connect the liver to the diaphragm, stomach and duodenum.

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Falciform ligament

A ligament that forms a fold of peritoneum connecting the liver to the abdominal wall.

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Gastrohepatic ligament

A ligament that connects the stomach to the liver.

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Hepatoduodenal ligament

A ligament connecting the liver to the duodenum, a key structure for blood vessel flow.

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Intraperitoneal organs

Organs completely covered by visceral peritoneum.

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Retroperitoneal organs

Organs located posterior to the peritoneum, with only their front side covered by the peritoneum.

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Ascites

Accumulation of more than 20 milliliters of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, causing swelling in the abdomen.

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Mesentery (small intestine)

The mesentery associated with the small intestine.

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Transverse mesocolon

The mesentery associated with the transverse colon.

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Sigmoid mesocolon

The mesentery associated with the sigmoid colon.

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Mesoappendix

The mesentery associated with the appendix.

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Study Notes

Peritoneal Cavity and Mesentery

  • The supracolic compartment is located anterior and superior to the transverse mesocolon, containing the liver, stomach, and spleen.
  • The infracolic compartment is posterior and inferior to the transverse mesocolon.

Epiploic Foramen ( Lesser Omental Foramen )

  • The lesser sac communicates with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen.
  • Borders of the epiploic foramen:
    • Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligament
    • Posterior: Inferior vena cava and the right crus of the diaphragm
    • Superior: Caudate lobe of the liver
    • Inferior: Superior part of the duodenum

Mesentery

  • The mesentery is a fold of peritoneum that suspends organs from the posterior abdominal wall.
  • Examples of mesenteries:
    • Mesentery (small intestine)
    • Transverse mesocolon (large intestine)
    • Sigmoid mesocolon (sigmoid colon)
    • Mesoappendix (appendix)

Omentum

  • Omenta are two layers of peritoneum that have fused, extending from the stomach and duodenum to neighboring organs.
  • Greater omentum hangs like a curtain, covering the anterior surface of the small intestine.

Peritoneum

  • Peritoneum is a covering of organs, a large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
  • Divided into:
    • Parietal peritoneum (outer layer, lines the inner surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls and the lower surface of the diaphragm)
    • Visceral peritoneum (inner layer, lines the outer surface of the viscera)

Peritoneal Cavity

  • The cavity between the parietal and visceral layers, filled with a small amount of serous peritoneal fluid.
  • Peritoneal fluid enables the peritoneal layers to slide against each other with little friction.

Divisions of the Peritoneal Cavity

  • Lesser sac (omental bursa): behind the stomach and liver, in front of the pancreas and duodenum.
  • Greater sac: extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity, divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by the transverse mesocolon.

Peritoneal Ligaments

  • Function:
    • Attach organs to the abdominal wall and/or to other abdominal organs and hold them in position.
    • Carry neurovascular structures that supply abdominal organs.
  • Examples of peritoneal ligaments:
    • Splenic ligaments (Phrenicocolic ligament, Gastrosplenic ligament, Splenorenal ligament)
    • Gastric ligaments (Gastrophrenic ligament, Gastrocolic ligament)
    • Hepatic ligaments (Falciform ligament, Gastrohepatic ligament, Hepatoduodenal ligament)

Peritoneal Relations

  • Intraperitoneal organs are completely wrapped by visceral peritoneum (e.g., spleen, stomach, superior part of the duodenum, transverse colon).
  • Retroperitoneal organs are found posterior to the peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space, with only their anterior wall covered by the parietal peritoneum (e.g., kidney, glands, ureter).

Ascites

  • Definition: accumulation of more than 20 milliliters of fluid within the peritoneal cavity.

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Related Documents

L17 Peritoneum PDF

Description

Learn about the anatomy of the peritoneum, a large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering organs. Explore the structure, functions, and divisions including the parietal and visceral layers.

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