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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of comparing financial figures from different years?

  • It simplifies the financial calculations.
  • It may result in a misleading picture. (correct)
  • It always highlights the trend in profits.
  • It provides a consistent analysis of performance.

What is vertical analysis commonly used for?

  • To analyze a single year's financial statements.
  • To calculate net profit margins before tax.
  • To express income statement components as percentages of revenue. (correct)
  • To compare cash flows of varying firms.

What can lead to subjective conclusions in financial analysis?

  • The consistency of financial reporting.
  • The regularity of financial data collection.
  • The use of standardized financial ratios.
  • The knowledge and ability of the analyst. (correct)

Which action is NOT part of performing vertical analysis on the balance sheet?

<p>Calculating the net cash flow from operating activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is financial analysis limited when focusing on a single year's statements?

<p>It loses insight from comparative data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of financial analysis?

<p>To assess a company's performance and improve recommendations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In vertical analysis of the income statement, what does each component get divided by?

<p>Revenue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes horizontal analysis?

<p>It compares financial data across multiple periods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which costs are included under the category of Labor Costs?

<p>Salaries and wages paid to employees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main objectives of managerial accounting?

<p>Providing information for decision making and planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of costs can be categorized as both Direct and Indirect Costs?

<p>Utilities costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does managerial accounting assist in organizational strategy?

<p>By offering expertise in financial reporting and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an example of a Product Cost?

<p>Cost of raw materials for production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cost accounting from financial accounting?

<p>Cost accounting analyzes specific costs for various operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Fixed Costs from Variable Costs?

<p>Fixed costs remain constant regardless of production levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes financial accounting?

<p>It records transactions and prepares financial statements at the end of each accounting year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification identifies costs by their relevance to decision making?

<p>Relevance classification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best reflects the purpose of motivating managers in managerial accounting?

<p>To align their objectives with the organization’s goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a Material Cost?

<p>Salaries of factory workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of financial accounting from a managerial perspective?

<p>It may not provide sufficiently timely information for managerial actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Expenses in cost classification?

<p>They include all costs unrelated to manufacturing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cost accounting play in operational activities?

<p>It provides detailed cost information for various business operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which costs would be categorized under Period Costs?

<p>Advertising expenses incurred for a quarter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does managerial accounting contribute to assessing competitive position?

<p>By working collaboratively with other managers for long-run competitiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cost includes expenses related to the manufacturing or construction of goods?

<p>Production Costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What costs are incurred for various purposes and cannot be easily traced to a specific cost center?

<p>Indirect Costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which costs are considered normal costs in cost classification?

<p>Costs incurred at a normal level of output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cost data is typically required for preparing external financial reports?

<p>Historical cost data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes product costs?

<p>They are inventoriable and included in the cost of sales when sold. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes direct materials in manufacturing?

<p>Materials that are essential and traceable to the finished product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does labor cost fall into when it can be directly traced to individual products?

<p>Direct labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of costs must be charged to the profit and loss account and are not part of normal production costs?

<p>Abnormal Costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which costs are considered non-manufacturing and charged against revenue immediately?

<p>Period Costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of costs that includes materials like solder or glue, which are too insignificant to trace to specific products?

<p>Indirect materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cost is specifically concerned with the potential benefit lost when choosing one alternative over another?

<p>Opportunity costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification distinguishes costs based on their traceability to the final product?

<p>Classification by Traceability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does not describe product costs?

<p>They are charged to profit and loss immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered as manufacturing overhead?

<p>Costs of indirect materials used in production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing budgets and making managerial decisions, which of the following cost classifications may be most relevant?

<p>Predicted future costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic category of manufacturing costs?

<p>Variable costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'cost behavior'?

<p>The sensitivity of costs to changes in production or sales volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are appraisal costs commonly referred to as?

<p>Inspection costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cost behavior results from identifying defects before products reach customers?

<p>Internal failure costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevant range in cost behavior analysis?

<p>The range where cost behavior patterns remain unchanged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following costs changes directly with the level of activity?

<p>Variable costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used to analyze mixed costs?

<p>High-low method. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes fixed costs?

<p>They remain constant regardless of production volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cost includes both fixed and variable components?

<p>Mixed costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Managerial Accounting

Analyzing, interpreting, and presenting financial information to support management decisions and planning.

Financial Accounting

Recording business transactions and preparing financial statements (income statement, balance sheet) for a specific period.

Cost Accounting

Determining costs for different business activities and operations.

Performance Measurement

Evaluating the efficiency of activities, subunits, and employees in an organization.

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Decision Making

Using financial information to make choices that benefit the organization.

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Planning & Performance

Developing strategies and tracking progress towards goals.

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Business Transactions

Events that affect a company's financial position, like sales, expenses, or cash flows.

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Financial Statements

Reports summarizing a company's financial position (balance sheet) and performance (income statement).

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Production Costs

Costs related to manufacturing goods.

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Commercial Costs

Business costs not related to manufacturing such as administration, sales.

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Direct Costs

Costs easily traced to a specific cost unit or center.

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Indirect Costs

Costs not easily traced to a specific cost unit or center.

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Normal Costs

Expected costs at a given output level under normal conditions.

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Abnormal Costs

Costs not expected at a given output level.

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Product Costs

Inventoriable costs that are recorded as cost of goods sold when sold

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Period Costs

Costs not included in inventory, expensed immediately.

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Material Costs

Costs of materials used in production, including raw materials, spare parts, and packaging.

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Labor Costs

Salary and wages paid to employees involved in production.

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Expenses

All other costs associated with producing and selling products or services.

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Cost Classification

Categorizing expenses into different types, such as manufacturing, product, sunk, variable, direct, and indirect costs.

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Cost Object

Anything to which costs are to be assigned for a specific purpose.

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Production Costs

Costs associated with the actual process of producing a good or service.

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Commercial Costs

Costs associated with selling a good or service.

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Direct Costs

Costs that can be easily traced to a specific cost object.

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Vertical Analysis

A financial analysis method that expresses each line item on a financial statement (like an income statement or balance sheet) as a percentage of a base figure (like revenue or total assets). This allows for comparisons between companies of different sizes.

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Horizontal Analysis

A financial analysis that compares financial statement items over multiple periods, showing trends in items over time.

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Common-Sized Income Statement

A financial statement where all items are expressed as a percentage of revenue, allowing for easier comparisons of companies regardless of size.

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Financial Analysis

The process of examining financial data to evaluate a company's performance and suggest ways for improvement.

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Price Index Misleading Comparison

Comparing price indexes of different years can be inaccurate since price indices change over time.

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Subjectivity in Financial Analysis

Interpreting financial statements can vary based on an analyst's personal knowledge and perspective, potentially leading to different conclusions.

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Limited Use of Single-Year Analysis

Analyzing a company's financial statements from only one year provides limited insight, and is most useful when compared to other years or other companies.

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Vertical Analysis of Balance Sheet

Each balance sheet item is expressed as a percentage of total assets.

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Manufacturing Costs

Costs involved in creating a product, categorized into direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.

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Direct Materials

Materials directly used in the product, easily traceable to it.

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Direct Labor

Labor costs easily traceable to specific products.

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Manufacturing Overhead

Manufacturing costs not directly traceable to products (e.g., indirect materials, rent).

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Direct Costs

Costs that can be easily and conveniently traced to a cost object (product).

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Indirect Costs

Costs that cannot be easily traced to a specific cost object (product).

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Cost Classifications

Categorizing costs based on different purposes, be it financial reports or decision making.

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Cost Object

The thing for which costs are being determined (often a product, service, or department).

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Cost Behavior

How costs change in relation to changes in production or sales volume.

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Fixed Cost

Costs that do not change with the level of production or sales.

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Variable Cost

Costs that change directly in proportion to changes in production or sales.

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Mixed Cost

Costs that have both fixed and variable components.

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Relevant Range

The range of output or sales over which a cost behavior pattern remains the same.

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Statistical Process Control

Technique used to determine if a process is functioning within acceptable limits.

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Appraisal Costs

Costs incurred to check for defective products before delivery.

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Internal Failure Costs

Costs related to defects found before delivery to customers.

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Study Notes

Course Guide for BA 2 Managerial Accounting

  • This course prepares students for effective financial decision-making at a managerial level.
  • It covers managerial accounting, its processes, and topics like Introduction to Managerial Accounting, Financial Analysis, Cost and Cost Classification, and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis.
  • The course is taught by Prof. Estrellita R. Siclat, from URS Antipolo Campus. She has a BSC in Accounting from Tomas Claudio Memorial College.

Contributors to the BA 2 Modules

  • Prof. Loida T. Masinsin (URS Pililla Campus): Bachelor in Accountancy from Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Certified Public Accountant, Certificate in Professional Education from URS Pililla, pursuing MBA at TCC.
  • Prof. Sam Cedrick H. Calites (URS Binangonan Campus): BS Accountancy from URS Binangonan, pursuing Master in Management Studies at URS Binangonan.
  • Prof. Roscel M. Aguirre (URS Tanay Campus): Bachelor of Science in Secretarial Administration from Rizal State College, Master in Business Administration from URS Binangonan, DBA units at URS Binangonan.
  • Prof. Elsa Mia G. Madriaga (URS Rodriguez Campus): Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Accountancy from National College of Business Administration in Manila, pursuing MBA at URS Rodriguez.

Course Title and Description

  • Course Title: BA 2 Managerial Accounting
  • Course Description: This course aims to prepare students for effective financial decision-making, introducing them to managerial accounting. This includes the accounting process utilizing financial information to organize and manage finances within an organization.

Course Objectives

  • General Objectives: Apply basic managerial accounting concepts, principles, and techniques for decision-making.
  • Specific Objectives: Students will be able to define managerial accounting, identify managerial accounting's objectives, scope, and limitations; describe the role of managerial accounting in the management process, differentiate management accounting and financial accounting; describe the Management Accounting Information System (MAIS), and identify duties and responsibilities of management accountants in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards.

Course Structure

  • The course comprises four instructional modules divided into 14 modules.

Course Requirements

  • Activities and Assignments
  • Self-Assessment Quizzes
  • Project
  • Exam

Grading System

  • Activities and assignments (10%)
  • Project (20%)
  • Self-assessment quizzes (30%)
  • Exam (40%)

Schedule (Dates may vary)

  • August 24, 2020: Registration, Orientation, Submission of agency plans or certification.
  • Sept. 7, 2020: Study Session 1
  • Sept. 28, 2020: Study Session 2
  • Nov. 2, 2020: Study Session 3
  • Dec. 7, 2020: Study Session 4

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