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In the nineteenth century, nationalism in Europe fueled what?
In the nineteenth century, nationalism in Europe fueled what?
What was an outcome of the Haitian Revolution?
What was an outcome of the Haitian Revolution?
Definition of political citizenship as 'black'
What did the Atlantic revolutions share in common?
What did the Atlantic revolutions share in common?
A common political vocabulary
What common set of circumstances contributed to the abolition of slavery in the Atlantic world?
What common set of circumstances contributed to the abolition of slavery in the Atlantic world?
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Why did creole elites in Latin America pursue independence?
Why did creole elites in Latin America pursue independence?
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Which elements of the French Revolution did Napoleon preserve?
Which elements of the French Revolution did Napoleon preserve?
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What is true about women's participation in the French Revolution?
What is true about women's participation in the French Revolution?
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How did the people in conquered lands respond to Napoleon's reforms?
How did the people in conquered lands respond to Napoleon's reforms?
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What did leaders of independence movements in Latin America do to gain support?
What did leaders of independence movements in Latin America do to gain support?
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In countries outside of Western Europe and the US, arguments for women's rights were linked with what?
In countries outside of Western Europe and the US, arguments for women's rights were linked with what?
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What represents the influence of nationalism in the nineteenth century?
What represents the influence of nationalism in the nineteenth century?
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Where did the only completely successful slave revolt in world history occur?
Where did the only completely successful slave revolt in world history occur?
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How did the end of the international slave trade affect Africa?
How did the end of the international slave trade affect Africa?
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What is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the Euro-American world in the nineteenth century?
What is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the Euro-American world in the nineteenth century?
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What was true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?
What was true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?
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What was used by intellectuals in nineteenth-century Europe to argue for women's rights?
What was used by intellectuals in nineteenth-century Europe to argue for women's rights?
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What was a way that governments in the nineteenth century instilled national loyalties?
What was a way that governments in the nineteenth century instilled national loyalties?
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What was the belief that inspired the Atlantic Revolutions?
What was the belief that inspired the Atlantic Revolutions?
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How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution?
How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution?
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Why did the Spanish American revolutions take longer and were more difficult than the North American Revolution?
Why did the Spanish American revolutions take longer and were more difficult than the North American Revolution?
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What argument made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the nineteenth century?
What argument made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the nineteenth century?
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What did the American Revolution erupt as a response to?
What did the American Revolution erupt as a response to?
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Who were the chief beneficiaries of the Atlantic revolutions?
Who were the chief beneficiaries of the Atlantic revolutions?
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What reflects an understanding of the nation in the nineteenth century?
What reflects an understanding of the nation in the nineteenth century?
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What was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic world?
What was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic world?
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On what basis did some feminists argue for women's rights?
On what basis did some feminists argue for women's rights?
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What did the Atlantic revolutions challenge?
What did the Atlantic revolutions challenge?
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How did the Atlantic revolutions influence subsequent movements throughout Europe?
How did the Atlantic revolutions influence subsequent movements throughout Europe?
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What was an outcome of the American Revolution?
What was an outcome of the American Revolution?
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What was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?
What was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?
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Study Notes
Nationalism and Colonialism
- Nineteenth-century nationalism in Europe intensified competition for colonies in Asia and Africa.
- Nationalism influenced the end of feudalism during this period.
Haitian Revolution
- Defined political citizenship as "black" following the revolution.
- Marked the only completely successful slave revolt in history, leading to a caution among slave owners in the Atlantic world.
Atlantic Revolutions
- Shared a common political vocabulary and were inspired by Enlightenment beliefs that political arrangements could be improved through human action.
- Accelerated existing democratic tendencies in colonial societies and were committed to republicanism and social equality.
- Divisions of class, race, and region complicated Spanish American revolutions compared to the American Revolution.
Abolition of Slavery
- Common factors that led to the abolition of slavery included fears of rebellion, economic inefficiency, and moral concerns.
- Abolition argued as necessary for economic progress as slavery became viewed as an impediment.
Latin American Independence
- Creole elites sought independence due to fears of uncontrollable social unrest from lower classes and nonwhites.
- Gained the support of broader populations by appealing to nativist sentiments, defining all born in the Americas as "Americanos."
Women's Rights Movements
- Women's participation in the French Revolution included women from all social classes.
- By the early 1900s, the women's rights movement had evolved into a mass movement in the most industrialized Western countries.
- Maternal feminism used by intellectuals in Europe to advocate for women's rights linked their roles as mothers to the call for equality.
Political Changes
- Napoleon preserved elements such as a secular legal code after the French Revolution, even as conquered peoples accepted some reforms while resisting French control.
- Governments instilled national loyalties through public rituals and a diverse populace diluted into a dominant culture.
Legacy of Atlantic Revolutions
- Influenced later movements across Europe, promoting ideals of social equality and republicanism.
- Contributed to fears within the ruling classes, reshaping perceptions of authority traditionally held by monarchies.
Economic and Social Shifts
- The abolition of slavery gave rise to new forms of dependent labor, like sharecropping.
- In Africa, the end of the international slave trade resulted in increased reliance on slave labor, particularly in West and East Africa.
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