Krebs Cycle and Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the main hydrocarbon fuel in most cells?

  • Glucose (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids

Which pathway is the only one that yields ATP in the absence of oxygen?

  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Krebs Cycle

What is the product of photosynthesis that takes place in green plants due to Chlorophyll?

  • Fatty acids
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Glycerol

Which monosaccharide is the most abundant in nature?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

<p>Glycogenolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal pathway for hydrocarbon catabolism in all living cells?

<p>Glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key regulatory enzyme in the glycolysis pathway?

<p>Phosphofructokinase-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the free energy change of the reaction converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?

<p>$-14.2 kJ/mol$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific response to hormones in glycolysis pathway?

<p>Synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which step of glycolysis does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate get oxidized and phosphorylated?

<p>Step 6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?

<p>$2$ pyruvate, $4$ ATP, $2$ NAD+, $2$ H2O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid or ethanol?

<p>Glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular compartment does the Krebs cycle take place?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that is metabolized in the Krebs cycle?

<p>(Acetyl-CoA) Acetyl coenzyme A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway regenerates NAD+ from NADH when inadequate oxygen is present?

<p>(Lactic fermentation) Lactic acid fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"It is a metabolic cycle that consists of a series of chain reactions of oxidation-reduction" refers to which metabolic cycle?

<p>(Krebs cycle) Citric acid cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main storage organ of glycogen?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPglucose to the C-4 hydroxyl group of a terminal residue in the growing glycogen molecule?

<p>Glycogen synthase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological significance of gluconeogenesis?

<p>Allows the supply of glucose when blood levels are not adequate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Cori cycle?

<p>Coupling of two metabolic pathways in different organs to provide energy at all times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?

<p>Obtaining non-hexose monosaccharides and NADPH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does gluconeogenesis mainly take place?

<p>Liver and kidney cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, and amino acids?

<p>Gluconeogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

<p>Produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

<p>Carry electrons to the electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are pumped to the intermembrane space for each NADH molecule during cellular respiration?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of glycogen in animal cells?

<p>Store excess glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzymes are involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate?

<p>Glycogen phosphorylase kinase, glycogen debranching enzyme, phosphoglucomutase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?

<p>Rise in cAMP following epinephrine or glucagon stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is rapidly hydrolyzed by amylase enzyme secreted by salivary glands and pancreas?

<p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energetic output of the total oxidation of a molecule of glucose assuming 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP?

<p>$36$ ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is glycogen primarily stored in humans?

<p>Muscles and bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

<p>Binds with protons to form water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

<p>Catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result for one turn of the Krebs Cycle?

<p>2CO2 + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + GTP + CoA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Proton motive force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the introduction of 2 atoms of Carbon in the form of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle?

<p>Citrate synthase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Krebs Cycle?

<p>Oxidation of organic metabolites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic pathway is considered to be amphibolic, participating in both catabolism and anabolism?

<p>Krebs Cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that starts the Krebs Cycle by producing citrate?

<p>Acetyl-CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate in an anaplerotic reaction for the Krebs Cycle?

<p>Pyruvate carboxylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor determining the rate of the Krebs Cycle?

<p>Amount of available oxaloacetate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism used to drive ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Chemiosmotic theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Conversion of ADP to ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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