Questions and Answers
What is the main hydrocarbon fuel in most cells?
Glucose
Which pathway is the only one that yields ATP in the absence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
What is the product of photosynthesis that takes place in green plants due to Chlorophyll?
Glucose
Which monosaccharide is the most abundant in nature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the universal pathway for hydrocarbon catabolism in all living cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key regulatory enzyme in the glycolysis pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the free energy change of the reaction converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the specific response to hormones in glycolysis pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
In which step of glycolysis does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate get oxidized and phosphorylated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the net result of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid or ethanol?
Signup and view all the answers
In which cellular compartment does the Krebs cycle take place?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the molecule that is metabolized in the Krebs cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pathway regenerates NAD+ from NADH when inadequate oxygen is present?
Signup and view all the answers
"It is a metabolic cycle that consists of a series of chain reactions of oxidation-reduction" refers to which metabolic cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main storage organ of glycogen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPglucose to the C-4 hydroxyl group of a terminal residue in the growing glycogen molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological significance of gluconeogenesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Cori cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does gluconeogenesis mainly take place?
Signup and view all the answers
Which metabolic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, and amino acids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
How many protons are pumped to the intermembrane space for each NADH molecule during cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of glycogen in animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What enzymes are involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which polysaccharide is rapidly hydrolyzed by amylase enzyme secreted by salivary glands and pancreas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the energetic output of the total oxidation of a molecule of glucose assuming 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is glycogen primarily stored in humans?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the net result for one turn of the Krebs Cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What drives the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for the introduction of 2 atoms of Carbon in the form of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the Krebs Cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which metabolic pathway is considered to be amphibolic, participating in both catabolism and anabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the molecule that starts the Krebs Cycle by producing citrate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate in an anaplerotic reaction for the Krebs Cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main factor determining the rate of the Krebs Cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism used to drive ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the net result of oxidative phosphorylation?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Signup and view all the answers