Krebs Cycle and Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the main hydrocarbon fuel in most cells?

  • Glucose (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids

    • Which pathway is the only one that yields ATP in the absence of oxygen?

  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Krebs Cycle

    • What is the product of photosynthesis that takes place in green plants due to Chlorophyll?

  • Fatty acids
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Glycerol

    • Which monosaccharide is the most abundant in nature?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal pathway for hydrocarbon catabolism in all living cells?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key regulatory enzyme in the glycolysis pathway?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the free energy change of the reaction converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>$-14.2 kJ/mol$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific response to hormones in glycolysis pathway?

    <p>Synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step of glycolysis does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate get oxidized and phosphorylated?

    <p>Step 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?

    <p>$2$ pyruvate, $4$ ATP, $2$ NAD+, $2$ H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid or ethanol?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular compartment does the Krebs cycle take place?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that is metabolized in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>(Acetyl-CoA) Acetyl coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway regenerates NAD+ from NADH when inadequate oxygen is present?

    <p>(Lactic fermentation) Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "It is a metabolic cycle that consists of a series of chain reactions of oxidation-reduction" refers to which metabolic cycle?

    <p>(Krebs cycle) Citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main storage organ of glycogen?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPglucose to the C-4 hydroxyl group of a terminal residue in the growing glycogen molecule?

    <p>Glycogen synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological significance of gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Allows the supply of glucose when blood levels are not adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Cori cycle?

    <p>Coupling of two metabolic pathways in different organs to provide energy at all times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?

    <p>Obtaining non-hexose monosaccharides and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gluconeogenesis mainly take place?

    <p>Liver and kidney cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, and amino acids?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

    <p>Produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

    <p>Carry electrons to the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are pumped to the intermembrane space for each NADH molecule during cellular respiration?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycogen in animal cells?

    <p>Store excess glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzymes are involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate?

    <p>Glycogen phosphorylase kinase, glycogen debranching enzyme, phosphoglucomutase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?

    <p>Rise in cAMP following epinephrine or glucagon stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is rapidly hydrolyzed by amylase enzyme secreted by salivary glands and pancreas?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energetic output of the total oxidation of a molecule of glucose assuming 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP?

    <p>$36$ ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is glycogen primarily stored in humans?

    <p>Muscles and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>Binds with protons to form water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

    <p>Catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result for one turn of the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>2CO2 + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + GTP + CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Proton motive force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the introduction of 2 atoms of Carbon in the form of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Citrate synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Oxidation of organic metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is considered to be amphibolic, participating in both catabolism and anabolism?

    <p>Krebs Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that starts the Krebs Cycle by producing citrate?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate in an anaplerotic reaction for the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Pyruvate carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor determining the rate of the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Amount of available oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism used to drive ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Chemiosmotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Conversion of ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

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