Untitled Quiz

The skin is the largest organ in the human body.
Skin serves as a barrier against infection, regulation of body temperature, and provides sensation.
It's made of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

Intentional Wounds: These wounds are made on purpose, such as during surgery.
Unintentional Wounds: Injuries caused by accidents or trauma, such as a cut from a sharp object or a burn.

Open Wounds: The skin is broken, exposing underlying tissues. Examples: lacerations, abrasions, and punctures.
Closed Wounds: The skin is intact, but underlying tissues may still be damaged. Examples: contusions (bruises) and hematomas (blood clots).

Contusion/ Bruise: Caused by blunt trauma, resulting in bleeding under the skin.
Abrasion: A scrape caused by friction against a rough surface.
Hematoma: A collection of blood that has pooled under the skin, often caused by a blow to the area.

Incised Wound: A clean cut caused by a sharp object.
Lacerated Wound: A jagged tear caused by a blunt object.
Avulsion: A piece of tissue is torn completely away from the body.
Penetrating Wound: The object enters the body, often causing internal damage.

Clean Wound: A wound that is made in a sterile environment and does not involve contaminated tissues. Examples: elective surgeries.
Clean-Contaminated Wound: A wound that penetrates a body cavity or involves a minor break in sterile technique. Examples: appendectomy, biliary, and pancreatic surgeries.
Contaminated Wound: A wound that has been exposed to bacteria and is likely to become infected. Examples: wounds caused by penetrating trauma less than 4 hours old.
Dirty/ Infected Wound: A wound that shows signs of infection, such as purulent drainage and dead tissue.

Acute Wound: A wound that heals within the expected timeframe, usually in less than 4 weeks.
Chronic Wound: A wound that does not heal within the expected time frame.

Hemostasis Phase: The body's immediate response to injury. It involves blood vessel constriction, platelet activation, and clot formation.
Inflammation Phase: Characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat. It's essential for cleansing the wound of debris and preparing for healing.
Proliferation Phase: The body begins to rebuild damaged tissues. This phase involves the formation of granulation tissue, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization.
Remodeling/ Maturation Phase: The wound continues to strengthen and mature. It can last several months.

Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow.
Platelets gather at the site of injury, forming a temporary plug.
The coagulation cascade is activated, leading to the formation of a fibrin plug (or clot).

Mast cells release histamine and active amines, which cause local vasodilation and increased permeability.
Neutrophils invade the wound to fight infection.
Monocytes migrate to the wound and differentiate into macrophages, which remove debris and stimulate further healing.
Cytokines and growth factors are released by neutrophils and macrophages, activating fibroblasts and epithelial cells.

Granulation Tissue Formation: New tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries that fills the wound bed.
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) & Collagen Synthesis: Fibroblasts produce a framework of ECM and collagen, which provide strength to the wound.
Angiogenesis: The formation of new blood vessels to supply the area with blood and oxygen.
Re-epithelialization: Epithelial cells migrate over the wound bed, closing the surface and protecting underlying tissue.

Collagen Remodeling: Collagen fibers are reorganized and restructured, increasing wound tensile strength.
Vascular Maturation and Regression: The number of blood vessels in the wound gradually decreases.
Scar Tissue Formation: New scar tissue forms, but it's not as strong as the original tissue.