Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 10 Quiz

Nursing Process

• The nursing process is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care, focusing on the client's responses to health concerns or illnesses and their ability to manage healthcare needs.

Assessing

• Assessing is a continuous process that involves collecting, organizing, validating, and documenting data about the client's response to health concerns or illnesses.
• It establishes a database for planning, implementing, and evaluating client care.

Types of Assessments

• There are four types of assessments: initial nursing assessment, problem-focused assessment, emergency assessment, and time-lapsed reassessment.
• Assessments vary in purpose, timing, time available, and client status.

Sources of Data

• The client is usually the primary source of data, unless they are too ill, young, or confused to communicate clearly.
• Secondary sources of data include family members, friends, caregivers, client records (e.g., medical history, physical examination), laboratory records, and healthcare professionals.

Data Collection Methods

• Observing: gathering data using the senses (e.g., skin color, body odors, lung or heart sounds, skin temperature).
• Interviewing: a planned conversation with a purpose to gather or give information, which can be directive (structured) or nondirective (unstructured).

Types of Interview Questions

• Closed questions: restrictive, requiring short, factual answers (e.g., "What medication did you take?").
• Open-ended questions: inviting clients to elaborate, explore, or illustrate their thoughts or feelings (e.g., "How have you been feeling lately?").
• Neutral questions: open-ended, non-directive, and allowing clients to answer freely (e.g., "How do you feel?").
• Leading questions: closed, directive, and influencing clients' answers (e.g., "You're stressed about surgery tomorrow, aren't you?").

Planning and Conducting an Interview

• Consider time, place, seating arrangements, distance, and language when planning an interview.
• Stages of an interview: opening (establishing rapport), body (developing), and closing.

Examining (Physical Examination)

• A systematic, organized examination carried out in a head-to-toe approach or a body systems approach.

Organizing Data

• Data is organized systematically using written or electronic formats, often structured around conceptual models or frameworks.
• Examples of conceptual models/frameworks include:
  • Nursing models: Gordon's functional health patterns (11 categories), Orem's self-care model, Roy's Adaptation Model.
  • Non-nursing models: Body Systems Model, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Gordon's Functional Health Patterns

• A framework of 11 functional health patterns:
  1. Health perception and management
  2. Nutritional/metabolic
  3. Elimination
  4. Activity
  5. Sleep
  6. Cognitive
  7. Self-perception and concept
  8. Role relationship
  9. Sexuality
  10. Coping and stress
  11. Value-belief systems

Test your knowledge on Chapter 10 'Nursing Process: Assessing' from Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice ELEVENTH EDITION. Explore the systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data in patient-centered care.