Korean and Japanese History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Why is Korea considered a bridge between China and Japan?

Korea is geographically positioned between China and Japan, acting as a land bridge connecting the two.

Name two systems of thought that Korea adopted from China.

Korea adopted Buddhism and Confucianism from China.

Which of the three kingdoms in Korea was most impacted by Japan?

Paekche was the most impacted by Japan.

Besides cultural aspects, how else did Japan interact with Korea?

<p>Japan would attack Korea to try to cross the peninsula when attempting to invade China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Mongols force Koreans to do during their rule?

<p>The Mongols forced Koreans to build ships for Kublai Khan's invasion of Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Japan's geography influence its citizens' livelihoods?

<p>Due to limited farmland, many Japanese turned to fishing in the sea for their livelihoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographic feature led to Japan having many independent rulers?

<p>Being an archipelago, with islands separated by sea, isolated different areas leading to independent rulers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the first group of people to settle in Japan and how were they organized?

<p>The first people were the Yayoi, who were organized into clans headed by warrior chiefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused Japanese society to become highly militarized in the medieval period?

<p>Weak rulers and frequent wars led to the rise of the samurai military society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the hierarchical structure of samurai society.

<p>The Emperor was at the top, but the Shogun held real power, followed by Daimyo, and then the Samurai class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of relationship did the samurai have with the Daimyo?

<p>Samurai served the Daimyo and pledged loyalty in exchange for land and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bushido code and what did it require of a samurai?

<p>Bushido is the 'the way of the warrior', requiring samurai to be loyal, brave, and honorable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the code of Bushido affect the daily life of a samurai?

<p>The code dictated that the samurai be loyal to his master and be brave and honorable in all actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Korean kingdom, known for its cave art, was located in the north?

<p>Koguryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Chinese dynasty sided with the Silla kingdom, leading to the end of the other two Korean kingdoms?

<p>Tang</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first Korean ruler to unite the entire Korean Peninsula?

<p>Wang Kon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the Korean alphabet created during the Yi dynasty?

<p>Hangul</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ships did the Koreans use to defend against the Japanese?

<p>Turtle ships</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographic term for a chain of islands, such as Japan?

<p>archipelago</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group brought farming to Japan around 300 B.C.E. and became ancestors of the Japanese?

<p>Yayoi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clan took the title ‘emperor of heaven’ and ruled most of Japan in the 500s?

<p>Yamato</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom made advancements in land irrigation and supported the arts, especially the building of Buddhist temples?

<p>Silla</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the fall of the Koryo dynasty, what new dynasty was founded by Yi Song-gym?

<p>Yi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the main kami (god) that the Uji worshipped?

<p>Amaterasu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the three treasures that the emperor took?

<p>jewels, a bronze mirror, and an iron sword</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Taika Reforms based on?

<p>Chinese Confucian principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Miyabi' stress?

<p>appearance, restraint, and decorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term samurai mean?

<p>one who serves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the chief rule of all Japan's military?

<p>shogun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the typhoons called that destroyed the Mongolian ships?

<p>Kamikaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the uprisings by peasants named?

<p>Ikki</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ge koko jo' mean?

<p>those below subjugating those above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ritual suicide did Oda Nobunaga perform?

<p>Seppuku</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many provinces did Hideyoshi have in his feudal agreement?

<p>66</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the only two countries allowed to trade with Japan?

<p>Dutch and Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the hereditary classes in Japan during the Tokugawa period?

<p>Samurai, Peasants, Artisans, Merchants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief did the early nomadic Koreans have?

<p>shamanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country did China take over in 109 B.C.E on the Korean peninsula?

<p>the northern part</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that spirits exist in humans, animals, plants, rocks, and rivers?

<p>animism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the nature spirits that the Japanese called on for help?

<p>kami</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the constitution created by Prince Shotoku?

<p>Shotoku constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Taika Reforms?

<p>The Taika reforms were the reforms that led to a stronger central government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the 8th Century capital city of Japan?

<p>Nara</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who governed in place of an emperor who was too young or sick?

<p>regents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the code of conduct followed by the Samurai called?

<p>Bushido</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the title that was given to Minamoto Yoritomo after he defeated the Taira family?

<p>shogun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the typhoon that destroyed many Mongol ships in their attempt to invade Japan?

<p>Kamikaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the powerful military leaders that headed the small territories?

<p>daimyo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the large groups that were formed to protect jobs and increase earnings?

<p>guilds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which religion taught spiritual rewards for good behavior and had many new sects when it arrived in Japan?

<p>Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the capital moved to in 794?

<p>Heian-Kyo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the emperor and military officials, which other group benefitted from Japan's growing wealth during the Shogun period?

<p>noble families</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of goods did Japanese merchants trade?

<p>wooden goods, sword blades, and copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Noh plays during the 1300s?

<p>To teach Buddhist ideas through religious dances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of a Tanka poem?

<p>An unrhymed poem of five lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the literal meaning of 'Figurehead' in the context of the Japanese feudal system?

<p>A leader with nominal or no real power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'bushido' and which group in Japanese society followed it?

<p>The code of honor for the samurai, emphasizing loyalty, bravery, and honor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Japanese artisans use lacquer in their work?

<p>They used it as a shiny black or red coating on wooden items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure and roof style of a typical Shinto shrine.

<p>A simple wooden building, with one room and a rice straw roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many syllables does a Haiku poem typically contain?

<p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides writing, what other main art form did the Japanese admire?

<p>Calligraphy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of raked sand in the gardens of Buddhist temples?

<p>It gave the sense of water flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Daimyo in the Japanese feudal system?

<p>Powerful feudal lords who controlled large territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main function of the Samurai class in the feudal system?

<p>To maintain order and defend their lord's lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were merchants considered to have a low social status in feudal Japan?

<p>They were seen as not producing goods themselves and against Confucian beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two main elements are associated with the Shinto belief system?

<p>Nature and spirits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an important method of self-discipline taught by Zen Buddhism?

<p>Self-control and a simple way of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Shogun in Japan?

<p>The Shogun was the real political and military leader of Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant invention did King Sejong create to improve Korean literacy?

<p>Hangul was created to improve literacy among Koreans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the turtle ships designed by Yi Sun-shin?

<p>Turtle ships were primarily designed for naval defense against Japanese invasions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences did Prince Shotoku have on the Japanese government?

<p>Prince Shotoku introduced a constitution and aimed to create a strong, organized government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what era did Tomoe, the famous Japanese female warrior, fight?

<p>Tomoe fought in the 1100s during the civil war in Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the items invented by King Sejong related to rain measurement?

<p>King Sejong invented the first instrument for measuring rain made of bronze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary economic activity of peasants in feudal Japan?

<p>Farming rice, millet, wheat, and barley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides weapons, what other goods did artisans produce in feudal Japan?

<p>Armor, tools, and pottery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What items did Japanese merchants primarily trade for silk, dyes, pepper, books, and porcelain?

<p>Wooden goods, sword blades, and copper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Daimyo ruled from what type of structure, and what functions did it have?

<p>Feudal castles; they also were used for tax collection and rule enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary functions of castletowns in feudal Japan?

<p>Government administrations and commercial hubs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason why the merchant class was considered the lowest class in feudal Japanese society, despite often being wealthy?

<p>They did not produce anything and were seen as not following Confucian beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the earliest settlements, what material were the homes of the common people largely made of?

<p>Dirt floors and thatched roofs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main staple crop that Japanese farmers cultivated, given the country's environment?

<p>Rice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the village on the Yodo River when changing the capital?

<p>It was seen as more beautiful and easier to protect than Nagaoka.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides literature, art, and government, what other area did Japan learn about from China?

<p>Philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the 31-syllable form of poetry that the Japanese developed using Chinese characters?

<p>Tanka.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original Japanese religion before Buddhism?

<p>Shinto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides political structures, name one other aspect of government that the Korean kingdoms modeled after China.

<p>The Korean kingdoms also used the Chinese civil service examination system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the first to bring knowledge of bronze casting and advanced ironworking to Japan?

<p>Craftspeople from Korea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key defining characteristic of the social structure of the Silla kingdom?

<p>The social structure of the Silla kingdom consisted of a few nobles at the top and a large group of farmers as the lower class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were women of early Japan's life and family life structured?

<p>Family life was centered around the mother, whereas the fathers lived apart from the family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide one example of a technological advancement of the Koryo kingdom that demonstrated cultural diffusion from China.

<p>The Koryo kingdom developed movable metal type, which was an invention that originated in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what was the main difference found when comparing the social status of men and women?

<p>Men lived separately from family, while women had a high status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state philosophy of the Yi dynasty, and how did they promote it?

<p>Neo-Confucianism was the state philosophy of the Yi dynasty, and they opened schools to teach Chinese classics to civil service candidates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main motivation of the Silla kingdom in its advancements and improvements?

<p>The main motivation for the Silla kingdom's advancements was centered around Buddhism and bringing peace to the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Koryo Kingdom maintain power while under the rule of the Mongols?

<p>The Koryo Dynasty agreed for the Mongols to rule in order to maintain some power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two advances made by the Yi dynasty that showed the Korean kingdom was adopting Chinese practices?

<p>The Yi dynasty used Neo-Confucianism and opened schools to teach Chinese classics to civil service candidates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence shows that even though Korea was influenced by China, Korea created its own unique identity?

<p>Koguryo artists created cave art paintings, the Silla kingdom queens built astronomical observatories, and King Sejong invented instruments for measuring rain, water clocks, sundials, and globes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Silk Road impact Korea besides the trade of goods?

<p>The Silk Road also introduced Korea to foreign ideas, religions, and cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did geography play in the influence on Korean culture?

<p>Korea's location between China and Japan made it a bridge of culture between the two countries, and greatly influenced the culture of Korea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Korean kingdom had the most interaction with Japan?

<p>Paekche had the most interaction with the Japanese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the people of the Koryo Kingdom perfect that is still well known today?

<p>The Koryo Kingdom is known for perfecting celadon pottery, known for its green color and elegant shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one improvement made by the leaders of the Silla kingdom that brought peace to the kingdom?

<p>The kingdom gave land to farmers and helped build irrigation systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the Daimyo and the Samurai?

<p>The Samurai gave loyalty to the Daimyo for land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did artisans, peasants, and merchants give loyalty to in Japanese society?

<p>Artisans, peasants, and merchants were in the labor class and worked a lot to give labor to those above them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Korea as a bridge

Korea connects China and Japan geographically and culturally.

Three Korean Kingdoms

The historical kingdoms Koguryo, Silla, and Paekche used Chinese writing.

Influence of Buddhism and Confucianism

Korean kingdoms adopted Chinese Buddhism and Confucian political ideals.

Paekche's trade with Japan

Paekche was the kingdom most influenced by Japan due to proximity.

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Mongol invasion of Korea

Koreans were forced under Mongol rule, building ships for invasions.

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Japan's Geography

Japan is an archipelago located to the east of China and Korea, consisting of four main islands.

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Limited Farming Land

Japan’s mountainous terrain and earthquakes restrict the amount of arable land available for farming.

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Rise of Military Society

Weak rulers and constant warfare in Japan led to the emergence of samurais needed for protection and combat.

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Hierarchy of Samurai Society

A structured order from Emperor to Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, ensuring mutual protection and loyalty within ranks.

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Bushido Code

The strict code of conduct for samurai emphasizing loyalty, bravery, and honor.

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Independent Rulers

Geographic isolation and limited resources led to the development of independent people and rulers in Japan.

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Yayoi People

The first settlers of Japan who lived in clans led by warrior chiefs for protection and governance.

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Daimyo

Powerful feudal lords in Japan who controlled land and relied on samurai for protection and loyalty.

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Shinto

The traditional religion of Japan focusing on kami (gods) and rituals.

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Amaterasu

The sun goddess and main kami in Shinto, considered an ancestor of the emperor.

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Taika Reforms

Reforms in AD 646 that centralized land ownership and tax systems based on Chinese principles.

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Fujiwara Family

A powerful family in Japan that controlled the imperial court through marriage alliances.

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Miyabi

The aesthetic value of elegance and refinement in the Heian period court culture.

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Samurai

Warriors of Japan who followed the Bushido code and served the Daimyo.

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Bakufu

A term for the military government led by the shogun in feudal Japan.

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Kublai Khan

The Mongol leader who attempted to invade Japan and Korea.

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Kamikaze

Divine winds that destroyed Kublai Khan's fleet during his invasions of Japan.

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Tokugawa Shogunate

The last feudal Japanese military government that ruled from 1603 to 1867.

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Sengoku Jidai

The Warring States period in Japan marked by constant military conflict and political intrigue.

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Oda Nobunaga

A powerful daimyo known for ruthless tactics to unify Japan during the Sengoku period.

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Seppuku

A form of ritual suicide by samurai, often performed to restore honor.

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Isolationism

A policy that forbade foreigners and most Japanese from entering or leaving Japan.

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Koguryo Kingdom

The northern kingdom of Korea known for cave art and trade with Japan.

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Silla Kingdom

The southeastern kingdom of Korea that allied with the Tang dynasty for power.

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Paekche Kingdom

The southwestern kingdom of Korea, significant for trade but eventually defeated.

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Yi Song-gym

The general who overthrew the Koryo dynasty and founded the Yi dynasty.

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Hangul

The alphabet created by King Sejong to improve literacy in Korea.

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Turtle Ships

Innovative ships used by Koreans equipped with cannons to fight Japanese forces.

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Koryo Kingdom

The kingdom that ruled Korea for 400 years, known for adopting Chinese governance.

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Sejong's Innovations

Sejong introduced scientific advancements like rain gauges and clocks.

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Mongol Rule

Period when Korea was subjected to Mongol invasions and control.

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Chinese Influence

Korean kingdoms adopted Chinese political and cultural ideas.

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King Sejong

Great king of the Yi dynasty who promoted science and literacy, creating hangul.

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Yi Sun-shin

Korean admiral known for building turtle ships, which had turtle-like shells.

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Prince Shotoku

Yamato prince who founded Buddhism in Japan and created the Seventeen-Article Constitution.

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Tomoe

Famous female warrior from Japan during the civil war era in the 1100s.

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Kami

Spirits in Shintoism found in nature, animals, and objects.

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Nara Period

An era in the 700s when Nara was the capital of Japan and hierarchical government was established.

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Heian-Kyo

A new capital city established in 794, later known as Kyoto.

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Regents

Court officials who governed on behalf of weak emperors.

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Bushido

The samurai code emphasizing loyalty, honor, and bravery.

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Shogun

A military leader with power over Japan, title given to Yoritomo after defeating Taira.

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Feudalism

A system where land was exchanged for loyalty and service between daimyo and samurai.

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Ashikaga Shogunate

A period of divided power when Ashikaga became shogun, ending in 1567.

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Influence of Buddhism

Buddhism's teachings spread to Japan from Korea, affecting culture and religion.

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Zen

A school of Buddhism encouraging inner peace and simplicity.

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Tanka

An unrhymed poem of five lines capturing nature's beauty.

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Haiku

A three-line poem with a total of 17 syllables, expressing feelings.

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Noh

The oldest type of Japanese play developed from religious dances.

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Figurehead

A nominal leader without real power.

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Cultural Diffusion

The mixing of cultural elements between countries.

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Calligraphy

The artistic practice of beautiful handwriting admired in Japan.

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Lacquerware

A shiny coating used by artisans on wooden objects.

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Shinto Shrines

Simple wooden structures dedicated to Shinto beliefs.

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Buddhist Temples

Structures built in the Chinese style for Buddhist practice.

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Peasants

Laborers who farmed rice and grains, working the land owned by daimyos.

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Merchants

Traders who exchanged goods but were seen as the lowest class due to Confucian beliefs.

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Artisans

Skilled workers who crafted weapons, tools, and armor for samurai.

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Feudal Castles

Fortified residences of the daimyo where they enforced rules and taxes.

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Castletowns

Commercial hubs that developed around feudal castles.

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Influence from China

Cultural and governmental ideas adopted by Japan from China.

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Seventeen Article Constitution

The first constitution created by Prince Shotoku outlining government structure.

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Geography of Japan

An archipelago comprising four main islands and many small ones.

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Buddhism in Japan

A religion that flourished in Japan after being brought from Korea.

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Korean Kingdoms' Governments

Korean kingdoms modeled their governments after Chinese systems.

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Silla Kingdom's Economy

Silla improved economy by giving land and irrigation to farmers.

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Buddhism in Silla

Silla rulers aimed to establish a Buddhist kingdom.

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Paekche and Japan

Paekche had the most influence from Japan due to proximity.

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Koryo's Civil Service

Koryo adopted the civil service examination system from China.

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Movable Metal Type

Koryo artisans developed movable metal type for printing.

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Yi Dynasty Philosophy

Neo-Confucianism became the state philosophy of the Yi dynasty.

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Korean Unique Identity

Koreans blended cultural influences to develop a unique identity.

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Celadon Pottery

Koryo artisans perfected celadon pottery known for its green color.

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Silla's Printing Achievement

Silla kingdom printed Buddhist texts using woodblock printing.

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Korea's Geographic Advantage

Korea's location helped it gain cultural elements from China and Japan.

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Silk Road Influence

The Silk Road connected Korea, allowing for cultural and trade exchanges.

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King Sejong's Innovations

King Sejong created instruments for measuring rain and time during the Yi dynasty.

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Social Hierarchy in Silla

Silla had a simple social system with few nobles and many farmers.

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Study Notes

Geography's Impact on Citizens

  • Japan's archipelago (island chain) geography led to limited fertile land for farming.
  • Reliance on fishing was common due to land scarcity.
  • Frequent earthquakes are a result of Japan's location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate.

Rise of Military Society in Medieval Japan

  • Frequent warfare among weak rulers necessitated the need for samurai.

Early Japanese Development

  • Japan's archipelago, located east of China and Korea, influenced its development.
  • Four major islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu).
  • Limited farmable land due to mountains and frequent earthquakes.
  • Coastal villages developed due to limited farming opportunities, and fishing became important.
  • Isolation promoted the rise of independent communities and rulers.
  • Early settlers, the Yayoi, formed clans led by warrior chiefs.

Hierarchy of Samurai Society and Feudalism

  • Emperor (nominal head): Held symbolic power.
  • Shogun (military leader): Held real power.
  • Daimyo (powerful feudal lords): Controlled land and had their own samurai.
  • Samurai (warrior class): Served daimyo, followed strict loyalty and obligation codes.
  • Feudal system: Provided stability through loyalty and protection exchanges.

Bushido Code

  • Bushido ("way of the warrior"): Strict code of conduct for samurai.
  • Emphasized loyalty, bravery, and honor, including a preference for death over dishonor.

Korea as a Bridge Between China and Japan

  • Korea's location between China and Japan made it a crucial cultural bridge.
  • Close proximity to both nations led to significant cultural influence.

Influence of China on Korea

  • Adopted Chinese writing systems and Confucian ideals.
  • Mimicked Chinese governmental structures.
  • Incorporated Buddhist and Confucian philosophies.

Influence of Japan on Korea

  • Paekche was most influenced because of proximity to Japan.
  • Trade and cultural exchange occurred between Paekche and Japan.

Korean Kingdoms

  • Koguryo, Silla, and Paekche: Three major Korean kingdoms during their flourishing.
  • Developed unique arts (e.g., Koguryo cave art).
  • Fought for control of the Korean Peninsula (wars between the kingdoms).
  • Mongol invasions affected Korea significantly.
  • Silla, aided by China, eventually unified Korea.

Silla Kingdom

  • Brought peace, improved land distribution, and built irrigation systems.
  • Supported cultural advancement, particularly Buddhism.

Koryo Dynasty

  • Followed Chinese governmental models.
  • Established a civil service examination system.
  • Development of movable metal type (cultural diffusion).
  • Faced internal instability and Mongol rule.

Yi Dynasty

  • Longest-ruling Korean dynasty.
  • Maintained a Chinese model of government but rejected Buddhism.
  • King Sejong created Hangul (Korean alphabet).
  • Fought with the Japanese but were helped by China.
  • Introduced turtle ships, advanced naval technology.

Mongol Invasions

  • Mongols attempted to conquer Korea and Japan but failed due to typhoons.
  • Forced Koreans to build ships.
  • Kamikaze winds (divine winds) played a significant role in their defeat.
  • Affected Japan's resources and led to internal conflict.

Taika Reforms

  • Based on Chinese Confucian principles.
  • Centralized Japan under imperial ownership of most rice-producing land.
  • Focused on increasing taxation of peasants.

Heian Period

  • Shifting power from the imperial court to provincial nobles.
  • Rise of the Fujiwara family, who wielded considerable influence.

Rise of Feudalism - Japan

  • Decline of central authority and rise of autonomous provincial nobles.
  • Emergence of samurai as independent warriors.
  • Developed a warrior culture centered on loyalty and combat skills, along with its code Bushido.
  • Civil war and the emergence of shoguns.

Two Attempts to Unify Japan

  • Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Led efforts to unify Japan, using different approaches.
  • Nobunaga was known for ruthless strategies; Hideyoshi was more diplomatic.
  • Both played a role in achieving a degree of national unification.

Impact of Tokugawa Shogunate

  • Shogunate maintained centralized control.
  • Isolationist policy (closing Japan to external contact).
  • Established a rigid social hierarchy.
  • Tokugawa shogunate enforced strict social and economic control, with hereditary classes.

Cultural Diffusion in Korea

  • Korea absorbed elements of Chinese and Japanese culture.
  • This is evident in Korean writing systems, art, philosophies, and government structures.

Geographic Factors and the Silk Road

  • Korea's location between China and Japan made it a key player in cultural exchange along the Silk Road.
  • Geographical advantages fostered cultural exchange and trade.
  • The Silk Road brought new goods, technologies, and ideas to Korea, shaping its development.

Roles and Relationships in Japanese Society

  • Emperor: Symbolic head; lacked real power.
  • Shogun: Military and political leader with real power.
  • Daimyo: Powerful feudal lords granted land by the Shogun.
  • Samurai: Warriors who served daimyo, and followed a strict code of honor (Bushido).
  • Artisans: Craftspeople who made weapons and tools.
  • Peasants: Farmers who made up the largest part of the population.
  • Merchants: Traded between different classes, though held lower social rank.
  • Hierarchical system maintained through a complex network of loyalty and obligation.

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