Korean Air Flight 801 and Airline Safety
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Questions and Answers

What happened to Korean Air flight 801?

The plane skidded for two thousand feet, fell into a ravine, and burst into flames, killing 228 people.

What are plane crashes the likely result of?

An accumulation of minor difficulties and trivial malfunctions.

What is the current safety status of Korean Air today?

In good standing.

What is the public perception of Korean Air today?

<p>It is regarded as safe as any other airline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the high loss rate for Korean Air?

<p>The U.S. Army forbade its personnel from flying on the airline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are additional results of the high loss rate of Korean Air?

<p>Delta Airlines suspended its flying partnership with Korean Air, and Canada considered revoking the airline's privileges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element in the Avianca flight 052 didn't make sense?

<p>The silence in the cockpit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the co-pilot of Avianca flight 052 deemphasize the situation?

<p>He did not communicate that the plane did not have enough fuel to land. He did not have a sense of urgency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Pilot Ratwatte do that made his emergency landing a success?

<p>He had to weigh the risks, think through implications, and quickly educate himself. He had to share information in a clear manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the phrase 'running out of fuel' have no meaning in ATC terminology?

<p>As planes reach their destination, they all are running low on fuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was odd about First Officer Klotz's behavior on Avianca 052?

<p>He was oddly passive - it took him awhile to report crucial information to air traffic control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are elements of a typical plane crash?

<p>Poor weather, stressed pilot, schedule difficulties, unfamiliar crew.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors are the primary errors that lead to air disasters?

<p>Lack of communication and errors of teamwork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the crash of Avianca flight 052?

<p>Fuel exhaustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is human factors research?

<p>The analysis of how human beings interact with complex systems like airplanes and industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Crew Resource Management Training?

<p>It aims to teach junior crew members how to communicate clearly and assertively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Hofstede's Dimensions measure?

<p>It analyzes the ways in which cultures differ from one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country scores high on individualism-collectivism scale?

<p>U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What word is air traffic control trained to listen for?

<p>Emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Suren Ratwatte think that what occurred on Avianca's flight would never have happened on an American flight?

<p>American pilots simply would not put up with directives from ATC; they would have bluntly stated they needed to land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mitigated speech?

<p>When we speak in a deferential way in order to be polite or show deference to authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are planes safer when the least experienced pilot is flying?

<p>The second pilot won't be afraid to speak up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people mitigate their speech?

<p>To avoid shame or embarrassment or to be polite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level of mitigated speech?

<p>A command.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which way do captains tend to use mitigated speech?

<p>Captains are comfortable issuing commands because they are talking to subordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which way would a first officer tend to use mitigated speech?

<p>More likely to give hints since he/she is talking to a boss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PDI measure?

<p>A culture's attitude towards hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does America rate on the PDI scale?

<p>Americans are less reluctant to question authority figures and superiors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is a high power-distance culture?

<p>South Korea, which means co-pilots are less comfortable speaking up and pointing out problems to their superiors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were three classic minor preconditions that contributed to the crash of Avianca flight 052?

<p>Tired pilot, technical malfunction, bad weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is traditional Korean social behavior?

<p>Actions are based in the order of seniority or ranking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Korea is receiver oriented, which means?

<p>It is up to the listener, not the speaker, to make sense of what is being said.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transmitter orientation?

<p>It means that it is considered the responsibility of the speaker to communicate ideas clearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Korean sensibility towards the role of a captain?

<p>The captain is in charge and does what he wants, when he likes, how he likes, and everyone else sits quietly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does David Greenburg conduct flight operations in English?

<p>English is the language of the aviation world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first step that David Greenburg took to help Korean Air?

<p>He evaluated the English language skills of all the airline's crew members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could the first officer of Korean Air have avoided the crash?

<p>He could have seized control of the plane, but he was likely afraid of being reprimanded by the captain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

'I think we should hold off attempting to land.' is an example of a ___ (mitigated speech)

<p>preference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Should we ascend the plane until we can figure out this landing?' is an example of a ___.

<p>query.</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Let's hold off on attempting to land.' is an example of a ___

<p>crew suggestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

'I think we need to deviate now.' is an example of ___

<p>crew obligation statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a command?

<p>'Get me a glass of ice water.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common reason for plane accidents?

<p>Half of all plane crashes are caused by pilot error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most plane crashes that are caused by ___ draw the most media attention, but only account for 9% of plane crashes.

<p>sabotage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The second most common error of plane crashes is __.

<p>mechanical error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the Three Mile Island accident?

<p>A combination of equipment malfunctions, design-related problems and worker errors led to a partial meltdown and small off-site releases of radioactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does subservient mean?

<p>It means subordinate or submissive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does indelible mean?

<p>It means making marks that cannot be erased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does collegiality mean?

<p>It means cooperative interaction among colleagues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does autocratic mean?

<p>It means absolute or tyrannical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ambiguity mean?

<p>It means doubtfulness or uncertainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of high-power distance?

<p>It prevents insensitivity and indifference. The listener must pay close attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the French have more employees in management than Germans?

<p>The Germans have a much lower PDI than the French. The French support hierarchy in a way the Germans do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Korean Air Flight 801

  • Korean Air Flight 801 crashed into a ravine after skidding for 2,000 feet, resulting in 228 fatalities.

Causes of Plane Crashes

  • Plane crashes typically arise from a combination of minor issues and trivial malfunctions, not a single catastrophic failure.

Current Status of Korean Air

  • Korean Air is currently regarded as a safe airline, with its public perception reflecting improved safety standards.

Impact of High Loss Rate

  • High loss rates in the past led the U.S. Army to prohibit personnel from flying with Korean Air.
  • Delta Airlines ended its partnership with the airline, and Canada contemplated revoking its operational privileges.

Communication Failures in Crashes

  • Silence in the cockpit of Avianca Flight 052 contributed to the crash, showcasing a lack of urgent and clear communication.

Pilot Communication and Decision Making

  • Co-pilot of Avianca 052 failed to convey urgency about insufficient fuel, exacerbating the situation.
  • Successful emergency landings require risk assessment, clear information sharing, and quick adaptation.

Air Traffic Control Terminology

  • "Running out of fuel" is a commonplace, non-critical term in air traffic control, as all planes approach low fuel situations.

Primary Errors Leading to Disasters

  • Communication breakdowns and teamwork errors are the main causes behind air disasters.

Avianca Flight 052 Crash

  • The crash of Avianca Flight 052 was due to fuel exhaustion, highlighting critical communication failures during the flight.

Human Factors and Crew Resource Management

  • Human factors research analyzes interactions between people and complex systems like aviation.
  • Crew Resource Management Training emphasizes clear and assertive communication among junior crew members.

Cultural Perspectives in Aviation

  • Hofstede's Dimensions analyze cultural differences, with the U.S. scoring highly on individualism.
  • South Korea exhibits a high power-distance index (PDI), indicating less comfort for co-pilots in questioning superiors.

Communication Styles and Hierarchies

  • Mitigated speech occurs when individuals speak deferentially to show politeness, often leading to miscommunication in critical situations.
  • Less experienced pilots are more likely to speak up, enhancing safety in flights.

Korean Social Dynamics

  • Traditional Korean behavior prioritizes seniority, affecting communication and decision-making in cockpit operations.
  • Receiver orientation allows for ambiguity in communication, placing the onus on listeners.

Role of Language in Aviation

  • The use of English in flight operations ensures common understanding due to its status as the aviation lingua franca.
  • Evaluating crew members' English proficiency was a pivotal first step to improve Korean Air’s operations.

Mitigated Speech Examples

  • Different forms of mitigated speech include preferences, queries, suggestions, obligation statements, and commands.

Common Causes of Plane Crashes

  • Pilot error accounts for approximately 50% of plane crashes, emphasizing the importance of clear communication and decision-making.
  • Sabotage, though widely reported, constitutes only 9% of total incidents; mechanical errors are also significant contributors.

Recognizing Language and Terminology

  • Understanding terms like subservient, indelible, collegiality, autocratic, and ambiguity can enhance effective communication.
  • High PDI benefits include increased attentiveness, as listeners must focus on hierarchical communications.

Comparison of Management Structures

  • Cultural differences explain the higher number of management positions in French companies compared to German ones, as the French embrace hierarchy more than Germans.

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Description

This quiz explores the tragic Korean Air Flight 801 crash, analyzing its causes, the subsequent impact on the airline's reputation, and communication failures in aviation. Understanding the evolution of safety standards and the complex factors leading to plane crashes will enhance your knowledge of airline safety.

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