Konseptong Pangwika (Language Concepts)

Konseptong Pangwika (Language Concepts)

• Wika (language) is a vital communication instrument rooted in meaningful sounds, symbols, and rules.
• The word "wika" originated from the Latin "lingua," meaning "tongue" and "language," which evolved into "langue" (French) and "language" (English).
• Paz, Hernandez, and Peneyra (2003) defined language as a bridge used to express and achieve any desire.
• Henry Allan Gleason, Jr. described language as a systematic arrangement of arbitrarily chosen and organized sounds.
• As per the Cambridge Dictionary, language is a system of communication involving sounds, words, and grammar.
• Charles Darwin likened language to learned skills such as brewing or writing.

Wikang Pambansa (National Language)

• The 1934 Constitutional Convention discussed the selection of a national language.
• The Lope K. Santos Group proposed basing it on an existing language.
• The 1987 Constitution states that "The national language of the Philippines is Filipino" in Article XIV, Section 6.
• Executive Order No. 335 (1988) mandates the use of Filipino in official transactions.
• Filipino and English are the official languages and languages of instruction in schools.
• Mother Tongue-Based Multi-Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) uses the students' first language from Kindergarten to Grade 3.

Unang Wika, Pangalawang Wika, at Iba pa (First Language, Second Language, and Others)

• Unang Wika (L1) is the language acquired from birth.
• Pangalawang Wika (L2) is the language learned from the environment.
• Ikatlong Wika (L3) is the language learned through additional exposure.

Monolinggualismo, Bilinggualismo, at Multilinggualismo (Monolingualism, Bilingualism, and Multilingualism)

• Monolinggualismo is the practice of using only one language in a country.
• Bilinggualismo is the use or control of two languages.
• Multilinggualismo is proficiency in more than two languages. The Philippines has over 180 languages and dialects.

Implementation of MTB-MLE

• The Mother Tongue-Based/Multi-Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) project was implemented by DepEd in schools to use the first language in teaching.

Mga Barayti ng Wika (Language Varieties)

• Different language variations inevitably arise from interactions between people with different customs and languages.
• The Tower of Babel from Genesis 11:1-9 is an example of God giving people different languages so they could not understand each other.

Dayalek (Dialect)

• This is a language variety used in a specific group of people in a region, area, or town.
• Examples include Tagalog in Morong, Tagalog in Manila, and Tagalog in Visayas.

Idyolek (Idiolect)

• This is an individual's unique way of speaking.
• Marc Logan, Kabayan Noli De Castro, and Mike Enriquez are examples of personalities with distinct idiolects.

Sosyolek (Sociolect)

• This is a language variety based on the social status or level of people who use the language.
• Bekimon (gay lingo), conyo speak, and Jejemon are examples.

Pidgin at Creole

• Pidgin refers to a new language that emerges without native speakers.
• Creole refers to a language that originated from pidgin and became the first language in a place.

Register

• This refers to the type of language a person uses depending on the situation and the person they are talking to.
• Formal language is used in formal events, while informal language is used when talking to friends.

Mga Gamit ng Wika sa Lipunan (Uses of Language in Society)

• Language is social and used for interaction and socialization with others.
• Tarzan learned the sounds of animals because they were his first companions in the jungle.

Mga Tungkulin ng Wika (Functions of Language)

• According to M.A.K. Halliday, language functions include:
• Instrumental: Fulfilling needs. Example: writing a business letter or advertisement.
• Regulatoryo: Controlling the behavior of others. Example: giving directions or instructions.
• Interaksiyonal: Interaction with others. Example: joking or writing a friendly letter.
• Personal: Expressing opinions. Example: writing a diary or journal.
• Heuristiko: Gathering information. Example: conducting interviews and reading newspapers.
• Impormatibo: Giving information. Example: giving reports and writing term papers.

Kasaysayan ng Wikang Pambansa (History of the National Language)

• During the Pre-Colonial Period:
• Otley Bayer, an American anthropologist stated that Negritos would only last until there were mountains (wave migration theory).
• Negritos were the first migrants from Borneo.
• Three indigenous races of Negritos include:
• True Negrito: They lived in the mountains and forests of Bataan, Zambales, and other places.
• Austrolidad-Sakai: From Australia and Ainu Northern Japan.
• Proto-Malayo: They lived in Luzon and Mindanao.
• Baybayin is a system of writing of the native Filipinos composed of 17 letters (14 consonants, 3 vowels).

Panahon ng Mga Espanyol (Spanish Period)

• The Spanish aimed to instill Christianity in the natives.
• The community was divided into five orders of missionary friars: Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits, and Recollects.
• The Spanish tried to use the native language to teach Christianity.
• The king ordered the use of Spanish in schools, but it was difficult to implement.
• March 2, 1634: King Felipe II reiterated the order to teach the Spanish language.
• December 29, 1792: Carlos IV signed a decree to use the Spanish language in schools.

Panahon ng Rebolusyong Pilipino (Philippine Revolutionary Period)

• The Filipinos became aware of the oppression they experienced under the Spanish, so the propaganda movement began.
• The Katipunan used the Tagalog language in its ordinances and announcements.

The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1899

• It stated that Tagalog was the official language.
• The Tagalog language became the official language under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo during the First Republic.

Panahon ng Mga Amerikano (American Period)

• The Americans arrived and used English as the language of instruction.
• Act No. 74 mandated that English be the language of instruction on March 24, 1901.
• It was difficult for teachers to immediately use English in teaching, so the vernacular was used as a supplement.
• Removal of the Spanish language in schools and promotion of English.
• George Buttena advocated for the use of vernacular in the first four years of schooling in 1931.

Panahon ng Mga Hapones (Japanese Period)

• Military Ordinance No. 13 made Tagalog and Nihonggo the official languages on January 2, 1942,.
• The use of English was prohibited, and the Nihonggo language was taught.
• Emphasis was placed on the use of Tagalog in literary works.
• Benigno Aquino served as Director of KALIBAPI (Association for Service to the New Philippines).
• Jose Villa Panganiban taught Tagalog to the Japanese and non-Tagalogs.
• Kalibapi aimed to promote the Filipino language throughout the country.

Panahon ng Pagsasarili Hanggang Kasalukuyan (Period of Independence to the Present)

• Tagalog and English were enacted as official languages in the country on July 4, 1946.
• Department Order No. 7 renamed the national language from Tagalog to Pilipino on August 13, 1959.
• Executive Order No. 60 s. 1963, ordered that certificates and diplomas at graduation be printed in the Filipino language from 1963-1964.
• The 1973 Constitution stated the development and formal adoption of a national language to be called Filipino.
• The 1987 Constitution clarified that the national language is Filipino.
• Article XIV Section 6: The national language is Filipino.
• Article XIV Section 7: The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English.
• Pres. Manuel L. Quezon supported developing a national language.
• Pres. Corazon C. Aquino promoted the use of the Filipino language during her term.
• Pres. Ferdinand Marcos ordered the use of Pilipino in official communication.