Konsep Akselerasi dan Kecepatan

Definition: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time.
Formula: ( a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} ) where:
- ( a ) = acceleration
- ( \Delta v ) = change in velocity
- ( \Delta t ) = time interval
Types of Acceleration:
- Uniform Acceleration: Constant acceleration over time.
- Variable Acceleration: Acceleration changes over time.
Units: Commonly measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
Causes: Changes in speed, direction, or both.

Speed:
- Definition: Scalar quantity representing the rate of motion distance over time.
- Formula: ( s = \frac{d}{t} ) where:
  - ( s ) = speed
  - ( d ) = distance
  - ( t ) = time
- Units: Meters per second (m/s).
Velocity:
- Definition: Vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
- Formula: ( v = \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} ) where:
  - ( v ) = velocity
  - ( \Delta x ) = displacement
  - ( \Delta t ) = time interval
- Units: Meters per second (m/s).
Difference:
- Speed is a magnitude; velocity has both magnitude and direction.

Types of Motion:
- Linear Motion: Movement along a straight path.
- Circular Motion: Movement around a center point or axis.
- Oscillatory Motion: Repetitive back-and-forth motion (e.g., pendulum).
Graphs in Motion:
- Position-Time Graph: Shows an object's position over time.
- Velocity-Time Graph: Illustrates how velocity varies over time.
- Acceleration-Time Graph: Depicts changes in acceleration over time.
Key Concepts:
- Displacement: The change in position; vector quantity.
- Distance: Total path traveled; scalar quantity.
- Instantaneous vs. Average: Instantaneous refers to a specific moment; average is over an interval.

Definition: Motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to gravity.
Components:
- Horizontal Motion: Constant velocity; no acceleration (ignoring air resistance).
- Vertical Motion: Accelerated motion due to gravity (approx. ( 9.81 , m/s^2 )).
Key Characteristics:
- Path Shape: Follows a parabolic trajectory.
- Max Height: Achieved at the vertex of the parabola.
- Range: Horizontal distance traveled when the projectile returns to the same vertical level.
Equations of Motion:
- Horizontal distance: ( R = v_0 \cdot t \cdot \cos(\theta) )
- Max height: ( H = \frac{v_0^2 \cdot \sin^2(\theta)}{2g} )
- Time of flight: ( t = \frac{2v_0 \cdot \sin(\theta)}{g} )
Variables:
- ( v_0 ): Initial velocity
- ( \theta ): Launch angle
- ( g ): Acceleration due to gravity

Percepatan adalah laju perubahan kecepatan terhadap waktu.
Rumus: ( a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} )
- ( a ) = percepatan
- ( \Delta v ) = perubahan kecepatan
- ( \Delta t ) = interval waktu
Jenis Percepatan:
- Percepatan Seragam: Percepatan konstan dari waktu ke waktu.
- Percepatan Variabel: Percepatan berubah seiring waktu.
Satuan: umumnya diukur dalam meter per detik kuadrat (m/s²)
Penyebab: Perubahan kecepatan, arah, atau keduanya.

Jenis Gerak:
- Gerak Linear: Pergerakan sepanjang jalur lurus.
- Gerak Melingkar: Pergerakan mengelilingi pusat atau sumbu.
- Gerak Osilasi: Gerak bolak-balik berulang (misalnya, pendulum).
Grafik dalam Gerak:
- Grafik Posisi-Waktu: Menunjukkan posisi suatu benda dari waktu ke waktu.
- Grafik Kecepatan-Waktu: Mengilustrasikan bagaimana kecepatan bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu.
- Grafik Percepatan-Waktu: Menggambarkan perubahan percepatan dari waktu ke waktu.
Konsep Penting:
- Perpindahan: Perubahan posisi; besaran vektor.
- Jarak: Total jalur yang ditempuh; besaran skalar.
- Sesaat vs. Rata-rata: Sesaat merujuk pada saat tertentu; rata-rata adalah selama interval.

Definisi: Gerak suatu benda yang dilemparkan atau diproyeksikan ke udara, yang dipengaruhi oleh gravitasi.
Komponen:
- Gerak Mendatar: Kecepatan konstan; tidak ada percepatan (menghilangkan hambatan udara).
- Gerak Vertikal: Gerak dipercepat karena gravitasi (sekitar ( 9.81 , m/s^2 )).
Karakteristik Utama:
- Bentuk Jalur: Mengikuti lintasan parabola.
- Tinggi Maksimum: Dicapai di puncak parabola.
- Jangkauan: Jarak horizontal yang ditempuh ketika proyektil kembali ke tingkat vertikal yang sama.
Persamaan Gerak:
- Jarak Mendatar: ( R = v_0 \cdot t \cdot \cos(\theta) )
- Tinggi Maksimum: ( H = \frac{v_0^2 \cdot \sin^2(\theta)}{2g} )
- Waktu Terbang: ( t = \frac{2v_0 \cdot \sin(\theta)}{g} )
Variabel:
- ( v_0 ): Kecepatan awal
- ( \theta ): Sudut Peluncuran
- ( g ): Percepatan karena gravitasi