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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
What distinguishes eukaryotic transcription from prokaryotic transcription?
What distinguishes eukaryotic transcription from prokaryotic transcription?
What is a polycistronic transcript?
What is a polycistronic transcript?
Which of the following correctly describes a consensus sequence?
Which of the following correctly describes a consensus sequence?
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During the elongation phase of transcription, which direction is RNA synthesized?
During the elongation phase of transcription, which direction is RNA synthesized?
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What term describes the opposite orientation of the two strands of DNA?
What term describes the opposite orientation of the two strands of DNA?
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Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?
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What is the main difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?
What is the main difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?
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Why is an RNA primer necessary in DNA replication?
Why is an RNA primer necessary in DNA replication?
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What are replication forks?
What are replication forks?
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Which process describes the incorporation of nucleotides into a growing DNA strand?
Which process describes the incorporation of nucleotides into a growing DNA strand?
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What is the significance of the AT-rich region in DNA replication initiation?
What is the significance of the AT-rich region in DNA replication initiation?
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In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize new DNA strands?
In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize new DNA strands?
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Which of the following describes the primary function of DNA polymerase III in bacterial replication?
Which of the following describes the primary function of DNA polymerase III in bacterial replication?
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What is the role of the origin replication complex (ORC) in eukaryotic DNA replication?
What is the role of the origin replication complex (ORC) in eukaryotic DNA replication?
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What is a key difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?
What is a key difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?
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What is the primary function of telomeres in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of telomeres in eukaryotic cells?
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Which statement accurately describes the activity of DNA polymerase I in bacterial replication?
Which statement accurately describes the activity of DNA polymerase I in bacterial replication?
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How does the eukaryotic helicase MCM2-7 differ from bacterial helicase?
How does the eukaryotic helicase MCM2-7 differ from bacterial helicase?
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What role does FEN-1 play in DNA replication?
What role does FEN-1 play in DNA replication?
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What happens to a cell that lacks telomeres?
What happens to a cell that lacks telomeres?
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Study Notes
Transcription
- RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
- Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm
- A polycistronic transcript is an mRNA molecule that encodes multiple proteins
- Consensus sequence: a short sequence of nucleotides that is generally recognized by specific proteins
- During elongation, RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
- The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (antiparallel)
- DNA helicase unwinds the DNA helix during replication
DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
- The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously due to the antiparallel nature of DNA
- An RNA primer is needed to initiate DNA synthesis because DNA polymerases cannot initiate synthesis de novo
- Replication forks are Y-shaped structures that form during DNA replication
- DNA synthesis is the process of adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand
- The AT-rich region is involved in the initiation of DNA replication
- DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction
- DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis in bacterial replication
- The ORC binds to the origin of replication and recruits other proteins to initiate DNA replication
- The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously, while the leading strand is synthesized continuously
- Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent degradation of DNA
- DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA
- MCM2-7 is a eukaryotic helicase that unwinds DNA during replication, while bacterial helicase is a single polypeptide
- FEN-1 removes RNA primers and Okazaki fragments during DNA replication
- Cells lacking telomeres experience progressive shortening of their chromosomes, leading to cellular senescence or apoptosis
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