12 Questions
What is the central component of a knowledge-based agent?
Knowledge base
What is the technical term used for a statement in a knowledge base?
Sentence
What are the standard operations for adding new sentences and querying the knowledge base?
TELL and ASK
Which entity in knowledge representation involves deriving new sentences from old?
Inference
In knowledge representation, what do we call a sentence that is taken as given without being derived from others?
Axiom
What is the purpose of ASK operation in a knowledge-based agent?
To query what is known from the knowledge base
What does an agent do each time the agent program runs?
TELLs the knowledge base what it perceives, ASKs the knowledge base what action it should perform, TELLs the knowledge base which action was chosen
What does MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE function do?
Constructs a sentence asserting that the agent perceived a given percept at a given time
What is the PEAS description used for in the context of agents?
Defining the task environment
What is the performance measure in THE WUMPUS WORLD environment?
+1000 for climbing out with gold, -1000 for falling into pit or being eaten by wumpus, -1 for each action taken, -10 for using up the arrow
What does an agent do if it falls into a pit or is eaten by the wumpus in THE WUMPUS WORLD?
-1000
What is hidden inside three functions in an agent to implement an interface between sensors and actuators?
Details of representation language
Study Notes
Knowledge Representation
- Knowledge representation is the study of how knowledge is represented.
- It involves two entities: Knowledge Base (KB) and Inference.
Knowledge Base (KB)
- KB is a set of sentences or facts.
- Examples of sentences in KB include a set of statements in a logic language.
- Each sentence is expressed in a knowledge representation language and represents some assertion about the world.
- Sometimes, a sentence is dignified with the name axiom, when it is taken as given without being derived from other sentences.
Inference
- Inference is the process of deriving new sentences from old ones.
- Examples of inference include using a set of logical statements to infer new ones.
Knowledge-Based Agents
- A knowledge-based agent's central component is its Knowledge Base (KB).
- The agent maintains a KB, which may initially contain some background knowledge.
- The agent program does three things:
- TELLs the KB what it perceives.
- ASKs the KB what action it should perform.
- TELLs the KB which action was chosen, and the agent executes the action.
Operations on KB
- TELL operation adds new sentences to the KB.
- ASK operation queries what is known.
- Both operations may involve inference.
Agent Interface
- The details of the representation language are hidden inside three functions:
- MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE constructs a sentence asserting that the agent perceived the given percept at the given time.
- MAKE-ACTION-QUERY constructs a sentence that asks what action should be done at the current time.
- MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE constructs a sentence asserting that the chosen action was executed.
Wumpus World
- The Wumpus World is a cave consisting of rooms connected by passageways.
- The environment is described by a PEAS description:
- Performance measure: +1000 for climbing out of the cave with the gold, –1000 for falling into a pit or being eaten by the wumpus, –1 for each action taken, and –10 for using up the arrow.
- Environment: A 4×4 grid of rooms.
- Actuators: The agent can move Forward, TurnLeft by 90◦, or TurnRight by 90◦.
- Sensors: The agent perceives the environment.
Learn about knowledge representation in artificial intelligence, including the concept of a knowledge base, inference, and reasoning models. Explore how agents derive new facts from existing knowledge to make informed decisions.
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