Knowledge Engineering - Intelligent Systems Quiz Level 1

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Questions and Answers

What defines an explicit belief in a knowledge base?

  • A belief that is inferred
  • A belief that is hidden
  • A belief that is directly represented in the knowledge base (correct)
  • A belief that is irrelevant

What primary function does the knowledge base serve in a knowledge-based system?

  • To create user interfaces
  • To process data
  • To analyze data
  • To store a collection of information (correct)

In a rule within a knowledge-based system, what does the IF part indicate?

  • The exception to the rule
  • The decision outcome
  • The premise or condition (correct)
  • The conclusion

Which type of system is characterized by its use of case-based reasoning?

<p>Case-based systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential advantage of knowledge-based systems?

<p>They provide explanations of solutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the inference engine within a knowledge-based system?

<p>To process and locate data based on requests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes explicit beliefs from other belief types in a knowledge system?

<p>They are clearly defined and stored within the system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element within a rule-based system expresses an outcome based on the conditions specified?

<p>THEN part (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a knowledge base in a knowledge-based system?

<p>To store facts and rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the main source of empirical knowledge?

<p>Perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is categorized as a type of knowledge-based system?

<p>Expert systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of drawing a King from a standard deck of cards?

<p>4/52 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language is often recognized as a declarative programming language used in knowledge-based systems?

<p>Prolog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Bayes' theorem, which component is not necessary for calculating P(B|A)?

<p>P(A|C) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the resolution process of first-order logic?

<p>Conversion of facts into first-order logic (FOL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the resolution process in first-order logic, which method is used to eliminate existential quantifiers?

<p>Skolemization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Explicit Beliefs

Directly represented in the knowledge base, easily accessible and clear.

Knowledge Base

Stores facts and rules for knowledge-based systems.

Rule (IF/THEN)

Specifies conditions (IF) before a conclusion (THEN).

Inference Engine

Finds data based on requests in a knowledge base.

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Case-based Reasoning

Using previous cases to solve new problems.

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Explanation Capability

KBS can explain decisions.

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Empirical Knowledge

Knowledge from perception; data-driven.

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Expert System

KBS designed to mimic human expertise.

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Probability (King)

4/52 chance of drawing a King from a standard deck.

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Bayes' Theorem

Calculates conditional probability.

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First-Order Logic (FOL)

Converting facts into a logical format.

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Skolemization

Method to remove existential quantifiers in logic.

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Prolog

Declarative programming language for KBS.

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Dataset Size

Number of data points in a data set.

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Knowledge-Based System

System using knowledge representation and user interface.

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P(A|B)

Probability of event A occurring given event B has occurred.

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P(B)

Probability of event B occurring

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P(A)

Probability of event A occurring

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Resolution Process

Method of making deductions in logic systems.

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Study Notes

Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS)

  • Explicit beliefs are directly represented in the knowledge base, making them easily accessible and clearly defined.
  • The knowledge base stores a collection of information, including facts and rules, essential for the system's functioning.
  • In rule-based systems, the 'IF' part of a rule specifies conditions that must be met prior to the conclusion.

Components of KBS

  • The inference engine processes and locates data based on requests, facilitating decision-making within the knowledge base system.
  • Case-based systems utilize case-based reasoning, applying previous cases to solve new problems effectively.
  • Knowledge-based systems offer the advantage of providing explanations for their solutions, enhancing user understanding.

Types of Knowledge

  • Empirical knowledge primarily comes from perception, forming the basis of evidence and data-driven conclusions.
  • Expert systems are a type of knowledge-based system specifically designed to replicate human expertise in specific domains.

Probability and Decision Making

  • Drawing a King from a standard deck of cards has a probability of 4/52, indicating the likelihood of an event in probability theory.
  • Bayes' theorem includes components like P(A|B), P(B), and P(A), but excludes P(A|C) in calculating conditional probabilities.

Logical Framework

  • The first step in the resolution process involves converting facts into first-order logic (FOL), setting the foundation for logical deductions.
  • Skolemization is the method used to eliminate existential quantifiers during the resolution process in first-order logic.

Programming and Data

  • Prolog is recognized as a declarative programming language frequently used in knowledge-based systems for logic programming.
  • A weather dataset recorded a total of 14 days of data, indicating the extent of the dataset for analysis or reference.

Characteristics of KBS

  • Knowledge-based systems are defined by their ability to use knowledge representation and provide user interfaces, setting them apart from other systems like database and spreadsheet systems.

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