Knowledge-Based Agents and Knowledge Representation

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Questions and Answers

In local search algorithms, what is the criterion for a solution in the traveling salesman problem?

  • Maximizing the total length of the cycle
  • Maximizing the number of nodes in the cycle
  • Minimizing the number of nodes in the cycle
  • Minimizing the total length of the cycle (correct)

What does a local search algorithm start with?

  • A candidate solution (correct)
  • A random solution
  • The optimal solution
  • The global maximum

What does hill climbing search continually move towards?

  • The global maximum
  • Decreasing value (downhill)
  • The global minimum
  • Increasing value (uphill) (correct)

What is the potential problem with hill climbing search?

<p>Getting stuck in local maxima (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of landscape does hill climbing's success depend on?

<p>State-space landscape with few local maxima (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of games are most commonly studied within AI, such as chess and Go?

<p>Two-player zero-sum games (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the synonym for 'fully observable' in the context of games?

<p>Perfect information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal play strategy for deterministic, perfect-information games according to the text?

<p>Choose move to position with highest minimax value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a 'zero-sum' game?

<p>There is no 'win-win' outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of game allows for infinitely repeating positions according to the text?

<p>Backgammon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do knowledge-based agents use to decide what actions to take?

<p>A process of reasoning over an internal representation of knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of logic is developed as a general class of representations to support knowledge-based agents?

<p>First-order logic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a route-finding agent's knowledge in AI?

<p>To find the shortest path from the start to the goal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In AI, what type of landscape does hill climbing's success depend on?

<p>Convex landscape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a local search algorithm start with in the traveling salesman problem according to the text?

<p>A random initial solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a knowledge-based agent's knowledge base (KB)?

<p>To express sentences in a knowledge representation language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the wumpus world, what does 'Grabbing' refer to?

<p>Picking up gold if in the same square (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to system building involves encoding desired behaviors directly as program code?

<p>The procedural approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of game is characterized as being fully observable, deterministic, episodic, static, discrete, and single-agent?

<p>Perfect-information game (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of environments in the wumpus world are considered utterly unfair?

<p>21% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Traveling Salesman Problem

  • The criterion for a solution in the traveling salesman problem is a tour that visits every city exactly once and returns to the starting city.
  • Local search algorithms start with a randomly generated tour.
  • Hill climbing continually moves towards states with higher values, seeking to find the best possible solution.
  • One potential problem with hill climbing search is that it can get stuck in local optima, which are states that are better than their neighbors but not the global optimum.
  • The success of hill climbing search depends on the smoothness of the landscape.

Games

  • The most commonly studied games within AI are two-player, deterministic, perfect-information games, such as chess and Go.
  • The synonym for 'fully observable' in the context of games is 'perfect information'.
  • The optimal play strategy for deterministic, perfect-information games is to play perfectly, which means making the best possible move at every turn.
  • A 'zero-sum' game is characterized by the fact that one player's gain is the other player's loss.
  • A repeated game is a game that allows for infinitely repeating positions.

Knowledge-Based Agent

  • Knowledge-based agents use knowledge to decide what actions to take.
  • Logic is developed as a general class of representations to support knowledge-based agents.

Route-Finding Agent

  • The main purpose of a route-finding agent's knowledge is to find the shortest path from one location to another.

Wumpus World

  • Grabbing in the wumpus world refers to the action of picking up an object such as gold.
  • 25% of environments in the wumpus world are considered utterly unfair.

System Building

  • The approach to system building that involves encoding desired behaviors directly as program code is called 'hand-coding'.
  • A single-player, deterministic, perfect-information game is characterized as being fully observable, episodic, static, discrete, and single-agent.

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