Knitting Techniques and History

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Questions and Answers

What significant advancement in circular knitting technology occurred after 1946?

  • Introduction of electronic needle selection
  • Increase in feeder numbers and production speeds (correct)
  • Development of flat knitting machines
  • Launch of computerized whole garment knitting machines

In what year was the first electronic needle selection demonstrated?

  • 1995
  • 1987
  • 1963 (correct)
  • 1920

Which sector of the knitting industry involves forming loops across the width of the fabric?

  • Loom knitting
  • Circular knitting
  • Warp knitting
  • Weft knitting (correct)

What is a primary advantage of knitting over weaving?

<p>Lower capital investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was notable about the Relaint machine introduced in 1987?

<p>It featured a relative movement between needles and sinkers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of threads that modern circular weft knitting machines can operate with?

<p>192 threads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the productivity of knitting compare to weaving?

<p>Knitting has higher productivity than weaving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is a difficulty associated with weaving machines?

<p>High complexity in design modification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for the growing popularity of knitted fabrics?

<p>Knit fabrics are highly stretchable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant advancement in knitting technology occurred in 1847?

<p>Patent for the Latch Needle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the earliest known example of true knitting?

<p>A pair of socks found in Egypt dating back to A.D. 1100. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about knit fabrics is incorrect?

<p>Knit fabrics are preferred for structured garments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the double knit in 1758?

<p>Jedediah Strutt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which century did hand knitting become established as a craft?

<p>16th Century. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention in 1918 significantly contributed to the evolution of knitting machines?

<p>The double cylinder, small circular knitting machine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes knitted fabrics relate well to contemporary lifestyles?

<p>Their flexibility and comfort. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the loops formed in warp knitting?

<p>Laps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when only underlaps are formed in a multi-guide warp knitting structure?

<p>It forms an inlay bar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the combined use of overlap and underlap, what type of fabric is produced if both are moving in the same direction?

<p>Open lap fabric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wrapping of the yarn around the needle called in warp knitting?

<p>Overlapping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the guide bar that only creates underlaps in a knitting structure?

<p>Inlay bar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a pillar stitch in knitting?

<p>A stitch used with lapping movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the joining of overlap and underlap moving in opposite directions?

<p>Closed lap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a warp knitted structure is specifically formed by wrapping the yarn around the needle?

<p>Stitch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of warp knitting compared to weft knitting?

<p>Every needle has its own separate yarn supply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do underlaps play in warp knitting?

<p>They influence the pattern effects on the fabric. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can warp knitted fabrics be visually distinguished from weft-knitted fabrics?

<p>By examining the face and back of the fabric. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pattern characteristic is commonly seen on the technical face of warp knitted fabrics?

<p>Knit stitches running vertically in a lengthwise direction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stitch forming process is warp knitting classified as?

<p>A stitch formation process involving lateral deflection of yarns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner do the diagonal lines of yarns (underlaps) run on the back side of a warp knitted fabric?

<p>In a zigzag manner running both right and left. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the extent and direction of underlap floats in warp knitting?

<p>They enable a variety of design possibilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does the overlap in warp knitting ensure?

<p>The same needle receives yarn feed continuously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the length of yarn linking together the stitches in knitting?

<p>Underlap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT describe warp knitted fabrics?

<p>Typically very stretchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In warp knitted fabrics, what is the result of neither overlap nor underlap occurring?

<p>Warp float in the fabric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do guide bars have in the formation of certain warp knit fabrics?

<p>They lay the warps straight without lateral movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property enables warp knitted fabrics to resist creasing effectively?

<p>Good crease resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the versatility of warp knitted fabrics is correct?

<p>They are extremely versatile in pattern effects with yarn. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the formation of a closed lap in knitting?

<p>The thread loops are tightly packed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a warp knitted fabric structure provide over a woven fabric?

<p>Greater resistance to seams unraveling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of overlap in warp knitting?

<p>To wrap the yarn around the needle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the interlocking of yarns when only underlaps are formed?

<p>Inlay yarn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fabric results from the combination of overlap and underlap moving in opposite directions?

<p>Closed lap fabric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the stitch formation in warp knitting?

<p>Yarn wraps around the needle to form loops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is associated with using only underlaps in warp knitted structures?

<p>They cannot form fabrics on their own (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In warp knitting, what is an inlay bar primarily responsible for?

<p>Only producing underlaps with no loop formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fabric is formed when overlap and underlap are moving in the same direction?

<p>Open lap fabric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the formation of a pillar stitch?

<p>It cannot stand alone and requires an overlap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the lateral movement of yarns across the needles in warp knitting?

<p>Underlap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical for warp knitted fabrics?

<p>Good elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stitch formation process is a primary feature of warp knitting?

<p>Closed lap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fabric structure is created with neither overlap nor underlap occurring?

<p>Warp float (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the function of guide bars in warp knitting?

<p>They lay warps directly without lateral movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an open lap in warp knitting?

<p>Greater drapability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the combination of overlap and underlap have in warp knitted fabrics?

<p>Provides stability and strength to the fabric. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pattern effect can be achieved with warp knitted fabrics?

<p>Intricate designs through manipulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the yarns supplied to the knitting zone in warp knitting?

<p>Parallel to the selvage of the fabric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the technical face of a warp knitted fabric from its back side?

<p>The clarity of vertical stitches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of underlaps in warp knitting?

<p>To influence pattern design effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature of warp knitted fabrics runs diagonally on the back side?

<p>Underlaps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the variety of design possibilities in warp knitting?

<p>The length and direction of underlap floats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to distinguish warp knitted fabrics from weft knitted materials?

<p>Look for lateral deflection of yarns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner does a knitting needle interact with the yarns during the stitch forming process in warp knitting?

<p>It draws new yarn loops through existing stitches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the overlap in a warp knitted fabric structure?

<p>It ensures a specific needle has consistent yarn supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Knitting technique

A method of creating textile structures by intermeshing yarn loops in vertical columns.

Knitted fabrics popularity

Knitted fabrics have become widely used because of their soft drape, body-hugging properties, stretchiness, wrinkle resistance, and contemporary appeal.

Hand knitting history

The practice of knitting by hand has existed for thousands of years, though the precise beginnings are unknown.

Early knitting use

Knitting was initially primarily used to create shaped items like socks and stockings.

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17th Century sweaters

Knitted sweaters appear in history during the 17th century.

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1758 Double Knit

Jedediah Strutt invented a form of double knit machine in 1758.

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1910 Interlock fabric

Robert Walter Scott obtained a patent for an interlock fabric in 1910.

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1850 Circular Knitting Machine

Advancements in circular frame led to the development of circular knitting machines , evolving from initial designs.

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Circular Knitting Machines

Machines used to create fabric by interlocking loops of yarn in a circular pattern.

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Weft Knitting

A type of knitting where loops are formed across the fabric's width, using yarn fed at a right angle.

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Warp Knitting

A type of knitting where the loops are formed in parallel directions, like woven fabrics, but interlocked, not straight.

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Electronic Needle Selection

The use of electronic controls to select and position needles for knitting processes.

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Knitting

Interlocking loops of yarn to create fabric.

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Weaving

Interweaving two sets of threads, warp and weft, at right angles.

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Relaint Machine

A plain circular knitting machine with relative needle and sinker movement.

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Computerized Whole Garment Knitting Machines

Knitting machines controlled by computers to create entire garments.

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Wales in Warp Knitting

Vertical lines of loops in a warp knitted fabric, formed by the interlocked yarns.

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Courses in Warp Knitting

Horizontal lines of loops in a warp knitted fabric, determined by the needle positions and yarn feeding.

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Overlap in Warp Knitting

The portion of the knitted loop that overlaps another loop, creating the fabric's structure.

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Underlap in Warp Knitting

Diagonal floats of yarn in a warp knitted fabric, created when a needle draws a new loop through a previously knitted loop from another yarn.

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Warp Knit Fabric Face

The side of a warp knit fabric where the knit stitches run vertically, slightly angled, and appear clear.

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Warp Knit Fabric Back

The side of a warp knit fabric where the underlaps run in a zigzag pattern.

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Identifying Warp Knit Fabrics

Warp knit fabrics can be distinguished from weft knit fabrics by examining the face and back, looking for the distinct underlaps on the back side.

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What is a 'lap' in warp knitting?

A loop formed by a yarn guide wrapping around a needle in warp knitting.

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What is an 'overlap' in warp knitting?

The process of wrapping yarn around a needle to create the initial loop in warp knitting.

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What is an 'underlap' in warp knitting?

A type of loop in warp knitting where the yarn guide moves underneath the needle.

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What is a 'pillar stitch'?

A single stitch in warp knitting that is not part of a fabric structure, often used for other lapping movements.

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What is an 'inlay bar'?

A guide bar in warp knitting that only makes underlaps, creating inlay yarns that don't form loops.

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How does an 'open lap' fabric form?

When overlap and underlap move in the same direction, creating a loose, open structure.

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How does a 'closed lap' fabric form?

When overlap and underlap move in opposite directions creating a tighter, closed structure.

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What are 'subsequent wales'?

The vertical columns of stitches created by the needles in warp knitting.

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Underlap

The length of yarn connecting stitches in warp knitting, formed by lateral movement of yarn across needles.

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Open Lap

A type of warp knit stitch formation where the yarn loops are not closed, creating a more open structure.

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Closed Lap

A warp knit stitch formation where the yarn loops are closed, creating a tighter, more compact fabric.

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Warp Float

A technique in warp knitting where guide bars are stationary for a few courses, resulting in straight warp yarns.

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Warp Knit Fabric Structure

All warp knit structures are made up of both overlap and underlap, which determine the fabric's properties.

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Guide Bar Movement

The lateral movement of guide bars in warp knitting, creating overlap and underlap, influencing fabric structure.

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Characteristics of Warp Knit Fabrics

Warp knit fabrics are known for their versatility in pattern effects, good drape, dimensional stability, and excellent resistance to raveling.

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Why is Warp Float Used?

Warp float is used to hide colored warp yarns at the back for creating color patterns in multi-guide bar warp knit fabrics.

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Wales

Vertical lines of loops in a warp knitted fabric.

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Courses

Horizontal lines of loops in a warp knitted fabric.

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Technical Face

The side of a warp knitted fabric where the knit stitches run vertically, slightly angled.

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Technical Back

The side of a warp knitted fabric where the underlaps run in a zigzag pattern.

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Distinguishing Warp Knit Fabrics

Examine the face and back of the fabric to identify warp knitting by observing the distinct underlaps on the back.

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Open Lap Fabric

A type of warp knit fabric formed when overlap and underlap move in the same direction, creating a loose, open structure.

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Closed Lap Fabric

A type of warp knit fabric formed when overlap and underlap move in opposite directions creating a tighter, closed structure.

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Inlay Bar

A guide bar in warp knitting that only makes underlaps, creating inlay yarns that don't form loops.

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Open Lap Stitch Formation

A type of warp knit stitch formation where the yarn loops are not closed, creating a more open structure.

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Closed Lap Stitch Formation

A warp knit stitch formation where the yarn loops are closed, creating a tighter, more compact fabric.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • Knitting is a technique for creating fabric from yarn.
  • Knitted fabrics are becoming more popular in various applications.
  • Knitted fabrics are commonly used in hosiery, underwear, sweaters, pants, rugs, and home furnishings.
  • Knit fabrics are usually soft and drape well.
  • They readily conform to body movement due to their ability to mold and move easily.
  • Knit fabrics are highly stretchable and wrinkle-resistant.
  • Their adaptability to contemporary lifestyles makes them popular.

History of Knitting

  • Hand knitting has existed for thousands of years but the exact origins are unknown.
  • Knitting was predominantly a woman's activity for a long time.
  • Knitted socks dating back to the 1100s AD were found in Egypt.
  • Knitting progressed from a craft into an industry starting in the 16th century.
  • Notable advancements were made such as Jedidiah Strutt's invention of double knit and Matthew Townsend's invention of the Latch Needle in the 1800s.
  • Further developments involved circular knitting machines.

Comparison Between Weaving and Knitting

  • Weaving: Interweaving warp and weft threads at right angles. High initial investment, complicated setup, and lower productivity in weaving when compared to knitting.
  • Knitting: Interlooping yarns to form a fabric. Lower initial investment, simpler setup, and higher productivity than weaving.

Comparison Between Woven and Knitted Fabrics

  • Woven Fabrics: Less stretchable, good elastic recovery, less crease resistance, thin fabrics. Easier to tear, require ironing, high pleat sharpness, and less permeable to air.

  • Knitted Fabrics: Highly stretchable, incomplete elastic recovery, high crease resistance, thicker fabrics. Difficult to tear, doesn't require ironing, low pleat sharpness, and more permeable to air.

Classification of Knitting

  • Weft knitting: Loops are formed across the fabric width, threads are inserted more or less at a right angle to the fabric's direction.
  • Warp knitting: Loops are formed vertically along the fabric's length; threads are inserted down the fabric length.

Weft Knitting

  • Loops are formed across the full width of the fabric.
  • Usually uses latch needles.
  • Less versatile but potentially faster.
  • Lower initial costs for machinery and lower running costs compared to warp knitting

Warp Knitting

  • Loops form vertically along the fabric's length.
  • Uses multiple needles.
  • More versatile – can produce complex patterns.
  • Higher initial investment and running costs compared to weft knitting.

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