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Which of the following is a characteristic of wide area networks?

  • They have minimal costs associated with their use.
  • They are only used for voice communications.
  • They operate primarily on a local telephone network.
  • They can suffer from high data error rates. (correct)

    • What is one of the primary functions of a wide area network (WAN)?

  • To facilitate voice and data communications across large distances. (correct)
  • To connect different local area networks (LANs) within a building.
  • To ensure high-speed internet access for all organizational members.
  • To provide unlimited long-distance phone service to all users.

    • What does Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) primarily provide?

  • Unlimited data transfer across a private network.
  • Local network connections between two offices.
  • High-speed data transmission exclusively.
  • Voice and data communication over the public telephone network. (correct)

    • What is an example of a vendor that provides hardware for WANs?

    <p>Cisco Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically true about the speed of data transmission in WANs?

    <p>It is often limited to around 56 kbps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of topology does the original Ethernet design utilize?

    <p>Contention bus topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason General Motors opted for a deterministic token bus LAN design?

    <p>To avoid delays that could halt assembly line operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is central to the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP)?

    <p>Token bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of Wi-Fi LANs mentioned in the content?

    <p>Providing Internet access in cafes and airports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of environments is the token ring topology particularly utilized?

    <p>Older buildings and confined spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is suggested as a potential basis for wide-area wireless networks?

    <p>WiMAX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the assembly line influenced the design decision for the LAN used in manufacturing?

    <p>The fixed rate of movement on the assembly line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of wireless LANs mentioned in the context provided?

    <p>They allow for enhanced mobility and flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical transmission speed range for coaxial cable?

    <p>10 mbps – 150 mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main advantage of broadband coax over baseband coax?

    <p>Multiple channel support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical speed range for twisted pair cables used for LAN applications?

    <p>10 mbps – 100 gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material typically covers the cylindrical conductor in coaxial cable?

    <p>Plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following transmission mediums has the slowest typical speed range?

    <p>Twisted pair—voice telephone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main frequency band used by the 802.11a standard?

    <p>5 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Wi-Fi standard is known for having the greatest range?

    <p>802.11n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Broadband coax has largely replaced which type of transmission medium in certain applications?

    <p>Fiber-optic cabling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum data rate achievable by the 802.11n standard?

    <p>300 mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of broadband coax compared to baseband coax?

    <p>Higher capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the range of the 802.11b standard compare to that of the 802.11a standard?

    <p>802.11b has a longer range than 802.11a.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of baseband coax?

    <p>High-speed data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does Fast Ethernet use to achieve its speed?

    <p>Twisted-pair cabling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which frequency bands does the 802.11n standard operate?

    <p>Both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical data rate range for the 802.11b standard?

    <p>5.5 to 11 mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about 802.16e is correct?

    <p>It provides access to mobile users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of fiber-optic technology over other transmission mediums?

    <p>Higher transmission speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to enable dense wave division multiplexing in fiber optics?

    <p>Prisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of light source is commonly used in fiber-optic systems?

    <p>Laser diodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate outside diameter of single-mode fiber-optic cable?

    <p>125 microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the security of fiber optics?

    <p>Fiber optics are very difficult to tap due to lack of radiation emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the components required for an optical transmission system?

    <p>Light source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fiber optics compare in size to typical coaxial cables?

    <p>Significantly smaller in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What telecommunication technologies competed with fiber optics before the technology was fully deployed?

    <p>Cell phones, DSL, and cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coaxial Cable

    • Baseb'and coax is commonly used for LANs and long-distance transmissions in the telephone network
    • Baseband coax consists of a central wire surrounded by an insulator, a braided mesh cylinder, and an outer protective plastic covering
    • Broadband coax is the standard cable for television signals and uses digital transmission
    • A single broadband coax can be divided into multiple channels for simultaneous transmission of data, voice, and television
    • Broadband coax has a wider capacity than baseband coax, making it more durable
    • Broadband coax continues to be used for cable television and LANs

    Fiber-Optic Cabling

    • Fiber-optic cabling is a true medium, not a broadcast technology
    • Data is transmitted through pulses of light using fiber-optic cable
    • Key components include a light source (LED or laser diode), fiber-optic cable, and a detector (photodiode)
    • Fiber-optic cables are significantly faster than other media and require less space due to their small diameter
    • Compared to coaxial cables, single-mode fiber-optic cables have a smaller outside diameter and support higher transmission speeds (up to 800 gbps)

    Telecommunications Transmission Speeds

    • Transmission speeds vary depending on the medium
    • Twisted pair for voice telephones typically range from 14.4 kbps to 56 kbps
    • Twisted pair for digital telephones typically range from 128 kbps to 24 mbps
    • Twisted pair in LANs typically range from 10 mbps to 100 gbps
    • Coaxial cable typically range from 10 mbps to 150 mbps
    • Wireless LAN typically range from 6 mbps to 600 mbps
    • Microwave typically range from 256 kbps to 1 gbps
    • Satellite typically range from 256 kbps to 1 gbps

    Network Topologies

    • All telecommunications networks employ one or more of the transmission media discussed
    • Shared Ethernet uses a contention bus as its logical topology

    Wireless LAN

    • Wi-Fi LAN are becoming increasingly popular
    • Wi-Fi is ideal for mobile users, offering access in airports, restaurants, hotels, university campuses, and homes
    • The 802.11a Wi-Fi standard operates in the 5 GHz band with data rates up to 54 mbps but has a limited range of 150 feet
    • The 802.11b standard operates in the 2.4 GHz band with data rates of 5.5 to 11 mbps and a range of 300 to 500 feet
    • The 802.11g standard uses multiplexing in the 2.4 GHz band to achieve data rates up to 54 mbps with a range of 300 to 500 feet
    • The 802.11n standard uses both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency ranges, achieving data rates up to 300 mbps and a range of up to 1,000 feet

    Higher-Speed Wired Local Area Networks

    • Traditional Ethernet has a top speed of 10 mbps
    • Fast Ethernet operates at 100 mbps and is the most prevalent form of Ethernet in new LANs
    • Fast Ethernet uses the same CSMA/CD architecture and wiring as traditional Ethernet
    • Fast Ethernet is implemented with 100 Base-T for twisted-pair cabling (Category 5) and 100 Base-F for multimode fiber-optic cable

    Wide Area Networks

    • WANs (Wide Area Networks) are called long-haul networks and are used for communication between geographically dispersed entities
    • WANs rely on the public telephone network
    • Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) offers voice and data communication between any two points served by the telephone network but has limited speeds, high data error rates and high cost
    • Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) provides unlimited long-distance telephone service but uses traditional voice circuits
    • SONET circuits offer varying data transmission rates depending on the SONET level.

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