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Questions and Answers
A patient presents with a healthcare-associated pneumonia characterized by thick, mucoid, blood-tinged sputum resembling currant jelly. Which virulence factor of Klebsiella pneumoniae is most directly associated with this presentation?
A patient presents with a healthcare-associated pneumonia characterized by thick, mucoid, blood-tinged sputum resembling currant jelly. Which virulence factor of Klebsiella pneumoniae is most directly associated with this presentation?
- Production of red-pigmented colonies.
- Ability to ferment lactose.
- Urease production.
- Presence of a large polysaccharide capsule. (correct)
A patient develops bacteremia following a urinary tract infection caused by a Gram-negative rod identified as Enterobacter species. Which of the following clinical signs would be most indicative of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with this bacteremia?
A patient develops bacteremia following a urinary tract infection caused by a Gram-negative rod identified as Enterobacter species. Which of the following clinical signs would be most indicative of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with this bacteremia?
- Hypotension and tachycardia (correct)
- Urinary frequency
- Suprapubic pain
- Dysuria
A hospital outbreak of Serratia marcescens is traced to contaminated respiratory therapy equipment. What is the most likely route of transmission leading to pneumonia in susceptible patients?
A hospital outbreak of Serratia marcescens is traced to contaminated respiratory therapy equipment. What is the most likely route of transmission leading to pneumonia in susceptible patients?
- Contamination of intravenous catheters.
- Aspiration of contaminated water. (correct)
- Direct contact with healthcare workers.
- Airborne transmission via aerosolized particles.
A patient with a history of intravenous drug use is diagnosed with Serratia endocarditis. Which of the following features is most characteristic of endocarditis caused by Serratia compared to endocarditis caused by other common bacterial pathogens?
A patient with a history of intravenous drug use is diagnosed with Serratia endocarditis. Which of the following features is most characteristic of endocarditis caused by Serratia compared to endocarditis caused by other common bacterial pathogens?
A microbiology lab technician observes mucoid, viscous pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Which of the following factors contributes most directly to the pink color of these colonies?
A microbiology lab technician observes mucoid, viscous pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Which of the following factors contributes most directly to the pink color of these colonies?
An elderly patient with a history of chronic respiratory disease and diabetes develops Klebsiella pneumonia. Which combination of factors poses the greatest risk for this individual?
An elderly patient with a history of chronic respiratory disease and diabetes develops Klebsiella pneumonia. Which combination of factors poses the greatest risk for this individual?
A patient with a severe Enterobacter infection is treated with a combination of imipenem and gentamicin. What is the rationale for using this specific combination of antibiotics in severe cases?
A patient with a severe Enterobacter infection is treated with a combination of imipenem and gentamicin. What is the rationale for using this specific combination of antibiotics in severe cases?
A cluster of postsurgical infections caused by a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain is identified in a hospital. What is the most critical infection control measure to prevent further spread?
A cluster of postsurgical infections caused by a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain is identified in a hospital. What is the most critical infection control measure to prevent further spread?
Which of the following statements regarding opportunistic infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia is most accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding opportunistic infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia is most accurate?
A researcher is investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Which of the following genetic elements is most likely to contribute to the rapid spread of resistance genes among different strains of Klebsiella?
A researcher is investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Which of the following genetic elements is most likely to contribute to the rapid spread of resistance genes among different strains of Klebsiella?
Flashcards
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria with a large polysaccharide capsule, often opportunistic but can be highly pathogenic due to the capsule.
Serratia
Serratia
Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria known for producing red-pigmented colonies.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Symptoms
Klebsiella pneumoniae Symptoms
Presence includes high fever, chills, chest pain, SOB, and a productive cough with blood-tinged sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae risk factors
Klebsiella pneumoniae risk factors
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Routes of transmission for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia.
Routes of transmission for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia.
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Symptoms of infection caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia
Symptoms of infection caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia
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Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia on MacConkey Agar
Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia on MacConkey Agar
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Treatment for Nosocomial Infections
Treatment for Nosocomial Infections
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Unique test result for Klebsiella
Unique test result for Klebsiella
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Study Notes
- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.
- These bacteria are opportunistic and can cause nosocomial infections.
- Infections include UTIs (dysuria & urinary frequency), cystitis (suprapubic pain), pneumonia, bacteremia (fever, hypotension, and tachycardia), peritonitis (fever, chills, and extreme abdominal pain), and secondary spread (meninges and liver).
- All three ferment lactose.
Klebsiella
- Has a large polysaccharide capsule, enhancing its pathogenicity.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae produces mucoid colonies.
- Causes lobar pneumonia, characterized by high fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, and a productive cough with blood-tinged sputum (currant jelly).
- Pneumonia can progress to necrosis and abscess formation.
- Risk factors include advanced age, chronic respiratory disease, alcoholism, or diabetes.
- Urease positive.
- On MacConkey Agar, Klebsiella forms mucoid and viscous pink colonies.
Serratia
- Produces red-pigmented colonies.
- Serratia pneumonia can result from contamination of respiratory therapy devices.
- Serratia endocarditis can occur in injection drug users.
Transmission and Treatment
- Spread through invasive procedures like IV catheterization, respiratory intubation, and urinary tract manipulations.
- Can lead to septic shock due to endotoxin.
- Infections exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics.
- Treatment involves an aminoglycoside (e.g., gentamicin) and a cephalosporin (e.g., cefotaxime).
- Severe enterobacter infections require imipenem and gentamicin.
- On MacConkey Agar, all three form pink colonies due to lactose fermentation.
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