Questions and Answers
Who was the US Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893?
Who was the last and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii?
Queen Liliuokalani
The natives of Hawaii took revenge on Captain Cook.
True
What was the primary reason that military commanders believed a forceful American military posture was beneficial?
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What phrase describes the belief that the United States was destined to acquire all lands between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico?
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Who was the president of Guatemala that was overthrown leading to a thirty-year civil war?
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The CIA's first government overthrow took place in Iran in 1953.
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What was the name of the operation where the U.S. overthrew the Taliban regime in Afghanistan?
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What did Salvador Allende do that led to his overthrow in Chile?
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President Kennedy supported the coup against Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam.
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: The Imperial Era (Hawaii)
- John L Stevens served as the US Minister to Hawaii in 1893, accused of conspiring to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani.
- Queen Liliuokalani sought to establish a constitution limiting voting rights to Hawaiian citizens, countering nonnative elite power.
- Captain Cook, a British explorer, faced hostility from Hawaiians due to greed, resulting in a violent backlash and a devastating plague.
- American missionaries introduced Western culture, with some Hawaiians sent to the US for education, fostering a different perspective on governance.
- The Hawaiian sugar market faced prohibitive tariffs in the US, hindering profits for American planters like Amos Cooke and Samuel Castle.
Chapter 2: Bound for Goo-Goo Land (Cuba)
- General John Brooke cancelled celebrations for Cuban soldiers, signaling tensions.
- The concept of "manifest destiny" drove US territorial ambitions in North America, influencing policies towards Cuba.
- Frederick Jackson Turner asserted in 1893 that the American frontier had closed, prompting military leaders to assert aggressive policies for expansion.
- The Cuban rebellion sought independence from Spain and aimed to prevent US expansion into the West Indies.
Chapter 3: From Whorehouse to a White House (Nicaragua)
- The US aimed to establish a canal across Nicaragua, considered superior for construction and maintenance compared to other routes.
- A postage stamp incident catalyzed the overthrow of Nicaragua's formidable leader.
Guatemala
- Following success in Iran, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles initiated a coup against President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala over land reforms impacting United Fruit Company.
- The coup initiated a civil war in Guatemala lasting thirty years, causing immense loss of life and instability.
Iran
- The CIA’s first government overthrow occurred in 1953, targeting Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh for nationalizing Iran's oil.
- Kermit Roosevelt orchestrated a campaign of corruption and chaos leading to the end of democracy in Iran, generating long-term repercussions.
South Vietnam
- In 1963, US leaders acted against President Ngo Dinh Diem, perceived as an unreliable ally due to his inclination towards peace negotiations.
- The coup resulted in Diem's assassination, shocking President Kennedy and altering US foreign policy.
Chile
- Under President Salvador Allende, Chile nationalized its copper industry, affecting US corporations such as Kennecott and Anaconda.
- Business leaders urged a US-backed coup in 1973, facilitating the rise of Pinochet's dictatorship and widespread human rights abuses.
Afghanistan
- Post 9/11, the US supported the Northern Alliance to overthrow the Taliban but shifted focus to Iraq, complicating Afghanistan's recovery.
- Afghanistan transitioned rapidly from a failed state to a significant hub for narco-terrorism.
Iraq
- The invasion of Iraq marked a departure from US diplomatic traditions, echoing past US interventions, including those under President McKinley.
- George W. Bush's actions in Iraq reflected historical patterns of American governance and foreign policy, continuing a legacy of regime change.
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Dive into the details of the Imperial Era in Hawaii with these flashcards. Focus on the critical events surrounding the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and the key figures involved. Perfect for students studying the history of U.S. intervention in Hawaii.
