Kinh Tế Vi mô và Quyết Định Kinh Tế

Microeconomics as a Study of Economic Decision-Making

• Microeconomics is a branch of economics that examines how economic agents make decisions.
• It focuses on the behavior of individuals, households, and firms in making choices about allocating scarce resources.
• This includes choices about consumption, production, and investment.
• The fundamental idea is that individuals, businesses, and governments make choices based on incentives and constraints.
• Key concepts and tools used in microeconomics include supply and demand, elasticity, cost-benefit analysis, and market structures (e.g., perfect competition, monopoly).
• Microeconomic analysis helps explain how markets function, how prices are determined, and how resources are allocated.
• It provides insights into various economic phenomena like market failures, externalities, public goods, and information asymmetry.
• By understanding individual decisions, microeconomics can explain larger-scale economic trends and policies.
• Microeconomic theories are used to model and predict the effects of economic policies and changes in market conditions.
• The focus is on the detailed workings of the economy at an individual level, rather than the overall aggregate performance of major economic variables.
• The study of consumer behavior (utility maximization) and production (cost minimization) falls under its purview.
• Microeconomics studies how factors such as price, income, and tastes influence consumer demand.
• It also studies how firms choose the optimal level of output to maximize profit, taking into account input costs and market prices.
• The interactions between consumers and producers in various market structures are investigated (perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly).
• It helps in understanding how changes in market conditions affect the behavior of individuals and firms.

Kinh tế vi mô là một nhánh của kinh tế học nghiên cứu cách các đại lý kinh tế đưa ra quyết định. Nó tập trung vào hành vi của cá nhân, hộ gia đình và doanh nghiệp trong việc phân bổ nguồn lực khan hiếm, từ tiêu dùng đến sản xuất và đầu tư.