Quiz Kinh Tế Vĩ Mô - Câu Hỏi Khó

Macroeconomics Quiz - Difficult Questions (90 minutes)

• Instructions: This quiz tests your understanding of advanced macroeconomic concepts. Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Each question's difficulty is graded, using the following notations: (Easy), (Medium), (Hard), (Very Hard). Partial credit may be awarded for correct reasoning even if the final answer is incorrect. Calculators may be used where appropriate.

Section 1: Aggregate Demand and Supply (25 minutes)

• Question 1 (Hard): Illustrate the effects of a significant decrease in consumer confidence on the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model. Explain how the short-run and long-run equilibrium adjustments differ. Include the role of inflationary expectations. (Very Hard)

• Question 2 (Medium): Analyze how a large-scale, unexpected increase in oil prices impacts the aggregate demand and supply curves. Detail the various channels through which the impact propagates. (Medium)

• Question 3 (Hard): Derive the short-run Phillips curve from the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model and explain the concept of the long-run Phillips curve. Discuss the role of adaptive expectations. How does this differ from rational expectations? (Hard)

Section 2: Money, Inflation, and Unemployment (25 minutes)

• Question 4 (Very Hard): Explain the Quantity Theory of Money, and demonstrate how it can be used to predict inflation rates when changes in the money supply and output are known. Assume specific data inputs and solve. (Very Hard)
• Question 5 (Hard): Discuss the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the context of the short-run Phillips Curve. Evaluate the validity of policies aimed at reducing unemployment by any means possible with a large inflationary component. (Hard)
• Question 6 (Medium): Articulate the concept of stagflation, defining its elements, illustrating causes (using the AD-AS model), and how it differs from simply high inflation. (Medium)

Section 3: Fiscal and Monetary Policy (25 minutes)

• Question 7 (Very Hard): A closed economy experiences a sharp decline in investment spending. Discuss the potential short-run and long-run implications, considering supply-side effects, and various fiscal policy prescriptions to stabilize the economy. Discuss which fiscal policies are more effective and which are less effective, and what considerations should be taken when selecting a policy mix. (Very Hard)
• Question 8 (Medium): Explain how expansionary monetary policy affects the interest rates, investment, and aggregate demand in an economy, and what factors could limit the effectiveness of such policy on the economy's overall production. (Medium)
• Question 9 (Hard): Compare and contrast the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy, using real-world case studies of either expansionary or contractionary policies. Discuss the political considerations of using each policy type. (Hard)

Optional Questions (15 minutes)

• Question 10 (Very Hard): Analyze the current global economic scenario with a detailed focus on the interplay of trade, exchange rates, and government policies on multiple countries. Use appropriate data and apply various theories of international economics to the analysis. (Very Hard)

• Note: If the question specifies a model, you are required to show how the model is used to support your answer, or to explain the shortcomings and assumptions of each model when you choose to not apply the model.