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Questions and Answers
Which body structures are mentioned as external apertures?
Which body structures are mentioned as external apertures?
What is true about the respiratory system mentioned?
What is true about the respiratory system mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT an external body aperture listed?
Which of the following is NOT an external body aperture listed?
What type of surface contains chaetae according to the information provided?
What type of surface contains chaetae according to the information provided?
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Which of the following correctly identifies an excretory structure mentioned?
Which of the following correctly identifies an excretory structure mentioned?
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Which subkingdom do organisms in the phylum Annelida belong to?
Which subkingdom do organisms in the phylum Annelida belong to?
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What class is represented within the phylum Annelida?
What class is represented within the phylum Annelida?
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Which of the following is true about the classification hierarchy of Annelida?
Which of the following is true about the classification hierarchy of Annelida?
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Which phylum includes segmented worms?
Which phylum includes segmented worms?
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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Oligochaeta from other classes in Annelida?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Oligochaeta from other classes in Annelida?
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How many pairs of nerves are given off from each ganglion in the first and second segments?
How many pairs of nerves are given off from each ganglion in the first and second segments?
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What role does the clitellum play during the mating process of worms?
What role does the clitellum play during the mating process of worms?
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In what direction do worms position themselves during mating?
In what direction do worms position themselves during mating?
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Which segment of the worms is associated with the nerve pairs given off from each ganglion?
Which segment of the worms is associated with the nerve pairs given off from each ganglion?
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What is the primary function of mucus secreted by the clitellum during mating?
What is the primary function of mucus secreted by the clitellum during mating?
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Which class of Annelida is characterized by the absence of parapodia and having few setae per segment?
Which class of Annelida is characterized by the absence of parapodia and having few setae per segment?
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What is a common characteristic of the phylum Annelida?
What is a common characteristic of the phylum Annelida?
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Which characteristic is specifically associated with Class Polychaeta?
Which characteristic is specifically associated with Class Polychaeta?
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What method of reproduction is primarily observed in Class Oligochaeta?
What method of reproduction is primarily observed in Class Oligochaeta?
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What role does the clitellum serve in Oligochaeta?
What role does the clitellum serve in Oligochaeta?
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Which statement is true regarding the respiratory system of Annelids?
Which statement is true regarding the respiratory system of Annelids?
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Which of the following is true about the excretory system in Annelida?
Which of the following is true about the excretory system in Annelida?
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Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the phylum Annelida?
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the phylum Annelida?
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What is the primary function of the seminal groove in worms?
What is the primary function of the seminal groove in worms?
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Which segmentation allows the passage of sperm from one worm to the other?
Which segmentation allows the passage of sperm from one worm to the other?
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What is the role of the clitellum during reproduction in worms?
What is the role of the clitellum during reproduction in worms?
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Where do the eggs pass from in the mating process of worms?
Where do the eggs pass from in the mating process of worms?
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After the mucous ring is formed, where does it move forward?
After the mucous ring is formed, where does it move forward?
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What is the primary purpose of the ring as described?
What is the primary purpose of the ring as described?
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How long does it take for young worms to emerge from the cocoon?
How long does it take for young worms to emerge from the cocoon?
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What happens as the ring slips off the anterior end of the worm?
What happens as the ring slips off the anterior end of the worm?
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Where is the sperm stored before fertilizing the eggs?
Where is the sperm stored before fertilizing the eggs?
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What is the relationship between the ring and egg fertilization?
What is the relationship between the ring and egg fertilization?
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Study Notes
Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Annelida
- Animals in this phylum are known as segmented worms.
- They are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
- Annelids have a true coelom.
- Their bodies are metamerically segmented, increasing flexibility and movement.
Classes of Annelida
-
Class Oligochaeta:
- Lack parapodia.
- Possess few setae per segment.
- Includes earthworms (e.g., Allolobophora caliginosa).
- Clitellum present, important for reproduction.
-
Class Polychaeta:
- Have parapodia.
- Possess many setae arranged in bundles on parapodia.
- Clitellum absent.
- Includes sandworms.
-
Class Hirudinea (Leeches):
- Lack parapodia.
- Lack setae.
- Have well-developed suckers for attachment.
- Clitellum present only during the breeding season.
Characteristics of Annelids / Earthworms
- Locomotion: Use chitinous setae or muscular parapodia.
- Digestion: Complete digestive system with a mouth and anus.
- Circulation: Closed circulatory system.
- Nervous system: Well-developed nervous system.
- Excretion: Excretory system composed of nephridia, nearly a pair in each segment.
- Respiration: Respiration mainly through diffusion across the skin or parapodia.
- Reproduction: Most are sexually reproducing, some are hermaphrodites.
- Habitat: Mostly aquatic (marine, freshwater), some are terrestrial, and burrowers, some parasites.
Earthworm Characteristics
- Habitat: Live in damp soil, build burrows, engulfing soil particles mixed with organic matter to aerate the soil.
- Activity: Nocturnal, active during the night and retire to burrows during the day.
- Body Structure: Two-part head (prostomium and peristomium) followed by segmented body. Each segment has various organs (circulatory, respiratory, nervous, excretory), and a coelom. Setae present on the ventral surface.
- External Apertures: Mouth, anus, female openings, male openings, spermathecal pores, dorsal pores, excretory pores (nephridiopores).
Earthworm Reproduction
- Mating: Worms mate in opposite directions, adhering their ventral surfaces together with mucus secreted by clitellum.
- Fertilization: Sperm pass from the male genital openings to the seminal receptacles of the other worm; eggs pass from the female genital openings to the mucus ring.
- Cocoon Formation: The clitellum secretes a mucous ring that becomes a cocoon after the worms separate. Fertilized eggs develop inside cocoons.
- Development: Young worms emerge from the cocoon after 2-3 weeks.
Earthworm Respiration and Excretion
- Respiration: No respiratory organs; oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through the skin.
- Excretion: Metabolic wastes pass from cells to coelomic fluid, through excretory tubules (nephridia).Nephridia have nephrostomes in one segment and nephridiopores in the next segment.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the characteristics and classes of segmented worms in the phylum Annelida. This quiz covers key features of Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, and Hirudinea, as well as their locomotion and digestion. Perfect for biology students looking to deepen their understanding of this fascinating group of animals.
