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Questions and Answers
What is the value of the universal gas constant R?
What is the value of the universal gas constant R?
What is the unit of pressure in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
What is the unit of pressure in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
What is the formula to calculate the number of moles of a gas?
What is the formula to calculate the number of moles of a gas?
What is the purpose of the pinhole in the aluminum foil in the experiment to find the Mr of a volatile liquid?
What is the purpose of the pinhole in the aluminum foil in the experiment to find the Mr of a volatile liquid?
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What is the unit of volume in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
What is the unit of volume in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
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What is the formula to calculate the volume of an ideal gas?
What is the formula to calculate the volume of an ideal gas?
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What is the unit of temperature in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
What is the unit of temperature in the equation of state for an ideal gas?
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What is the purpose of the thermometer in the experiment to find the Mr of a volatile liquid?
What is the purpose of the thermometer in the experiment to find the Mr of a volatile liquid?
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What is the main assumption of the kinetic theory of gases that real gases do not fully obey?
What is the main assumption of the kinetic theory of gases that real gases do not fully obey?
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What is the result of particles being closer together at low temperature and high pressure?
What is the result of particles being closer together at low temperature and high pressure?
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What type of forces cause the greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior?
What type of forces cause the greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior?
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Under what conditions do real gases behave most like ideal gases?
Under what conditions do real gases behave most like ideal gases?
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What is the characteristic of an ideal gas?
What is the characteristic of an ideal gas?
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Why do real gases deviate from the kinetic theory of gases?
Why do real gases deviate from the kinetic theory of gases?
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What is the result of the average kinetic energy of the particles being proportional to the Kelvin temperature?
What is the result of the average kinetic energy of the particles being proportional to the Kelvin temperature?
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Study Notes
Kinetic Theory of Gases
- The kinetic theory is based on 5 assumptions:
- Gases are made up of particles with negligible volumes compared to distances between them
- No attractive or repulsive forces between gases
- Particles are in constant rapid random motion, colliding with each other and the container walls
- Average kinetic energy of particles is proportional to the Kelvin temperature
- All collisions are perfectly elastic
Real Gases and Ideal Gases
- Real gases (e.g., O₂, N₂, Cl₂, CO₂) do not fully obey the kinetic theory assumptions
- Ideal gases obey all the assumptions of the kinetic theory under all conditions of temperature and pressure
- Real gases deviate most from the kinetic theory at low temperatures and high pressures
Behaviour of Real Gases
- At low temperatures and high pressures, particles become closer together, and their volumes are no longer negligible
- Attractive forces between particles cause deviations from ideal gas behaviour
- Real gases behave most like ideal gases at high temperatures and low pressures
Equation of State for an Ideal Gas
- PV = nRT, derived from a combination of Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's Laws
- n = number of moles
- R = universal gas constant (8.31 K.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹)
- Units: Volume (m³), Pressure (Pa), Temperature (K)
Calculations
- Example 1: Calculating the volume occupied by 10g of oxygen gas at 25°C and 200kPa
- Example 2: Calculating the Mr of a volatile liquid from the volume of vapour measured at 100°C and 100kPa
Experiment to Find the Mr of a Volatile Liquid
- A volatile liquid is one that vaporises easily (low boiling point)
- The most accurate method is using a mass spectrometer, but a simpler method can be used in the school lab
- The experiment involves measuring the mass of the condensed liquid, volume of the flask, atmospheric pressure, and temperature of the vapour
- The measurements are then used to calculate the number of moles and Mr of the volatile liquid
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Description
This quiz covers the assumptions and principles of the kinetic theory of gases, including the behavior of ideal and real gases.
