Kinetic and Potential Energy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating elastic potential energy in a spring?

  • P.E.elastic = ½ mv²
  • P.E.elastic = mgh
  • P.E.elastic = kx
  • P.E.elastic = ½ kx² (correct)

    • What is the frictional force acting on a 40-kg block of wood on a cement floor with a coefficient of friction of 0.6?

  • 320 N
  • 80 N
  • 196 N
  • 240 N (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about kinetic energy is true?

  • Kinetic energy is only present in objects at rest.
  • Kinetic energy is proportional to the mass and the square of the velocity. (correct)
  • Kinetic energy is independent of mass.
  • Kinetic energy decreases as the speed of an object increases.

    • According to Hooke's law, what happens when a spring is stretched or compressed?

    <p>It stores elastic potential energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of friction (μ) represent?

    <p>The ratio of the force of friction to the normal force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for measuring force in the SI system?

    <p>Newton (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the coefficient of friction is 0.6 and the normal force is 392 N, what is the force of friction?

    <p>235.2 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the method to calculate momentum?

    <p>p = mass * velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation W = FS represent in physics?

    <p>Work done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a right-skewed distribution, the correct order of mean, median, and mode is?

    <p>Mode &lt; Median &lt; Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents the final velocity in uniformly accelerated motion?

    <p>v = v0 + at</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central tendency measure that represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?

    <p>Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about elastic potential energy is true?

    <p>It is stored energy in objects that can be stretched or compressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the unit of measurement for the acceleration of gravity, given its equivalent in feet and meters per second squared?

    <p>m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula correctly calculates the volume of a cylinder?

    <p>V = πr²h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct value of Planck's constant in joule-seconds?

    <p>6.626 x 10^-34 J-s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct formula for kinetic energy?

    <p>K.E. = ½ mv²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor for 1 calorie to joules?

    <p>1 calorie = 4.186 Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the density of water is 1 gm/cm³, what is the equivalent weight density in lb/ft³?

    <p>62.4 lb/ft³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trigonometric formula is used to calculate the sides of a triangle?

    <p>C² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 BTU in joules?

    <p>1055 Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula correctly determines the area of a triangle?

    <p>Area = (1/2) b × h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gravitational acceleration of the earth used in calculating potential energy?

    <p>9.8 m/s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding elastic potential energy is false?

    <p>Elastic potential energy is only applicable to non-elastic materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the frictional force between two surfaces calculated?

    <p>F = μN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship defined by Hooke’s law in relation to springs?

    <p>The spring force increases as an object moves away from its equilibrium position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for calculating elastic potential energy stored in a compressed spring?

    <p>P.E.elastic = ½ kx2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work done by a force of 140 N acting at an angle of 30° over a distance of 3 m?

    <p>363.7 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly expresses the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

    <p>F = ma/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of gravitational acceleration used in physics calculations?

    <p>32.2 m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent pressure in atmospheres for 1 bar?

    <p>0.9869 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams are there in 1 ounce?

    <p>28.35 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a left-skewed distribution, which of the following expresses the relationship between mean, median, and mode?

    <p>Mean &lt; Median &lt; Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct conversion for 1 liter?

    <p>1000 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula calculates the distance traveled under constant acceleration?

    <p>s = vt + ½ at²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 gallon in liters?

    <p>3.78 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard deviation a measure of?

    <p>The measure of dispersion from the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the momentum formula ρ = mv, what does ρ represent?

    <p>Momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1 kN/m^2 is converted to psia, what is the resultant value?

    <p>0.1450 psia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy equivalent of 1 British Thermal Unit (Btu) in joules?

    <p>1055 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mode indicate in a dataset?

    <p>The most frequently occurring number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of mass, how many grams are in 1 US ton?

    <p>453,592 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor for 1 ppm in mg/L?

    <p>1 ppm = 1 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of water in lb/ft³?

    <p>62.4 lb/ft³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conversions is incorrect?

    <p>1 foot = 0.5 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the standard deviation and the percentage of data it represents in a normal distribution?

    <p>1 standard deviation encompasses 68% of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the null hypothesis (H0) state?

    <p>There is no difference between populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Type I error represent?

    <p>Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the coefficient of variation (CV) calculated?

    <p>CV = SD / Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the accuracy of a measurement?

    <p>How close a measurement is to the actual value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) in air sampling?

    <p>Indicates compliance when LCL &lt; PEL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing sample size have on the assessment of the mean?

    <p>It enhances the accuracy of the mean assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cumulative error' refer to?

    <p>The total error from individual sampling processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the area of a rectangle?

    <p>Area = length * width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula for the volume of a sphere?

    <p>V = (4/3)πr^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is temperature converted from Celsius to Kelvin?

    <p>Tk = Tc + 273</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of acceleration due to gravity in meters per second squared?

    <p>9.8 m/sec²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the conversion factor for calories to joules?

    <p>1 calorie = 4.186 Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 1 BTU defined in joules?

    <p>1 BTU = 1055 Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for energy defined by 1 joule?

    <p>1 kg·m²/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct conversion for 1 curie?

    <p>1 curie = 3.7 x 10^10 becquerel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

    <p>K.E. = ½ mv2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams are equivalent to 1 kilogram?

    <p>1000 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 1 mile in meters?

    <p>1609 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cubic centimeters are in 1 inch cubed?

    <p>16.39 cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a vehicle travels at a speed of 10 ft/s, what is this speed in meters per second (m/s)?

    <p>2.237 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 calorie in joules?

    <p>4.187 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many square feet are there in 1 square yard?

    <p>9 sq.ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor from feet per second to miles per hour?

    <p>1.467</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a pressure reading is 1 psia, what is the equivalent in atmospheres?

    <p>0.0680 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many liters are in 1 US gallon?

    <p>3.785 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much elastic potential energy is stored in a spring compressed by 0.5 m with a spring constant of 200 N/m?

    <p>50 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gravitational potential energy of a 10-kg object at a height of 15 meters?

    <p>1470 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a block of wood has a mass of 40 kg and is resting on a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.6, which of the following is true about the forces acting on it?

    <p>The total weight of the block is 392 N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the result of applying Hooke's Law to a spring that is neither stretched nor compressed?

    <p>The spring exerts a force of zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration as defined in Newton's second law?

    <p>F = ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent weight density of water in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³)?

    <p>62.4 lb/ft³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1 bar is approximately equivalent to how many millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)?

    <p>760 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between temperature in Fahrenheit (°F) and temperature in Celsius (°C)?

    <p>°C = 5(°F - 32)/9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pressure, how many psi (pound per square inch) are equivalent to 1 kg/cm²?

    <p>14.7 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many milliliters are there in 1 fluid ounce?

    <p>29.57 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 ampere-hour in coulombs?

    <p>3600 coulombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pressure in atmospheres (atm) and millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)?

    <p>1 atm = 760 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting from kilograms to pounds, which is the correct conversion factor?

    <p>1 kg = 2.205 lb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy equivalent of 1 watt in joules per second?

    <p>1 W = 1 J/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams are in 1 US ton?

    <p>907,185 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work done by a force acting at 30° with a horizontal direction if the normal force is 400 N and the coefficient of friction is 0.35?

    <p>363.7 N·m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is momentum defined in physics?

    <p>ρ = mv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the calculation of distance traveled under constant acceleration?

    <p>s = v₀t + ½ at²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a left-skewed distribution in relation to mean, median, and mode?

    <p>Mean &lt; Median &lt; Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the frictional force is calculated as μN, where N is the normal force, what is the frictional force if μ = 0.6 and N = 392 N?

    <p>235.2 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent cutting-edge relationship expressed in Newton's second law of motion?

    <p>F = ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula for standard deviation primarily measure?

    <p>Spread of observations from the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the coefficient of friction (μ) be used within the context of normal force (N) and frictional force (F_fric)?

    <p>F_fric = μN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the radius and the area of a circle?

    <p>Area = πr^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a correct conversion from one unit of energy to another?

    <p>1 foot-pound = 1.356 Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is kinetic energy calculated?

    <p>K.E. = ½ mv^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'h' represent in the volume formula for a cylinder?

    <p>The height of the cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines a rem in radiation measurement?

    <p>1 rem = 10^-2 gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly expresses the relationship between the sides of a triangle using trigonometric functions?

    <p>A/SinA = b/SinB = c/SinC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To convert 1 Fahrenheit to Rankine, which formula should be used?

    <p>oR = oF + 460</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula would you use to calculate the volume of a sphere?

    <p>V = (4/3)πr^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about pressure conversion is true?

    <p>101.3 kPa = 1 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which expression represents the equivalent unit of measurement for density of water in slugs/ft³?

    <p>1 gm/cm³ = 1.94 slugs/ft³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kinetic Energy

    • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, calculated using the formula: K.E. = ½ mv², where:
      • K.E. represents kinetic energy
      • m represents the mass of the object
      • v represents the object's velocity

    Potential Energy

    • Potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state.
    • Gravitational potential energy (P.E.) depends on an object's height above the Earth's surface, calculated with: P.E. = mgh, where:
      • m represents the object's mass
      • g represents the Earth's gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s²)
      • h represents the object's height above the Earth's surface

    Elastic Potential Energy

    • Elastic potential energy is energy stored in elastic materials when stretched or compressed.
    • Hooke's Law states that if a spring is neither stretched nor compressed, it's at its equilibrium position and has no elastic potential energy.
    • Elastic potential energy is calculated using: P.E.elastic = ½ kx², where:
      • k represents the spring constant (N/m²)
      • x represents the amount of compression or stretch (distance in meters)

    Force

    • A newton (N) is the force needed to accelerate a 1-kilogram mass by 1 meter per second squared.
    • Tension forces are required to pull an object (opposite of compression).
    • Spring force is exerted by a compressed or stretched spring.

    Frictional Force

    • Frictional force opposes motion between surfaces in contact, calculated using: F = μN, where:

      • F represents the frictional force
      • μ represents the coefficient of friction
      • N represents the normal force acting perpendicular to the surface

    • Example: A 40-kg block of wood on a cement floor with a coefficient of friction of 0.6 experiences a frictional force of 235.2 N. This force must be overcome to move the block.

    Force and Distance

    • The relationship between force and distance is expressed as: F1D1 = F2D2, meaning the product of force and distance is constant.

    Momentum

    • Momentum (ρ) is the product of an object's mass and its velocity, calculated using: ρ = mv, where:
      • ρ represents momentum
      • m represents mass (kg)
      • v represents velocity (m/s)

    Velocity

    • Velocity is defined using the following formulas:

      • v = v₀ + at: This calculates final velocity (v), where:

        • v₀ represents the initial velocity
        • a represents acceleration
        • t represents time

      • S = v₀t + ½ at²: This calculates distance (S), where:

        • v₀ represents the initial velocity
        • a represents acceleration
        • t represents time

      • v² = v₀² + 2aS: This calculates final velocity (v), where:

        • v₀ represents the initial velocity
        • a represents acceleration
        • S represents distance

    Work Done

    • Work (W) is calculated using: W = FS, where:
      • W represents work done (in Joules)
      • F represents force (in Newtons)
      • S represents distance (in meters)

    Newton's Second Law

    • Newton's Second Law states: F = ma/g, where:

      • F represents force
      • m represents mass
      • a represents acceleration
      • g represents gravitational acceleration (9.8 or 32.2 (US units))

    • Example: A force acting at 30 degrees with the horizontal on an object displaced 3 meters horizontally, with a normal force of 400 N and a coefficient of friction of 0.35, results in work done by the force of 363.7 N.

    Statistics

    • A histogram is a graphical representation of data distribution.

    • Mean (average) is calculated by summing all data points and dividing by the number of data points: ΣXn/n

    • Median is the middle value in a sorted dataset. If there are two middle values, the median is their average.

    • Mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

    • Skewness:

      • Negative Skew: Mean < Median < Mode, longer tail on the left side of the mean.
      • Positive Skew: Mode < Median < Mean, longer tail on the right side of the mean.
      • No Skew: Mean = Median = Mode, symmetrical distribution.

    • Standard deviation measures the average distance of data points from the mean.

    Temperature

    • Conversion between temperature scales:

      • Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F): Tc = (Tf - 32) / 1.8
      • Celsius (C) to Kelvin (K): Tk = Tc + 273
      • Fahrenheit (F) to Rankine (R): F = 460 + R

    • To convert to absolute temperature scales:

      • Rankine (R): oR = oF + 460
      • Kelvin (K): oK = oC + 273

    Force

    • 1 kilogram-force = 9.80665 newton [N]

    Energy Unit

    • 1 calorie = 4.186 Joule

    Conversion

    • 1 BTU (British thermal unit) = 1055 Joule
    • 1 foot-pound = 1.356 Joule
    • 1 joule = 1 kg · m/s²

    Radiation

    • 1 rad = 10⁻² gray
    • 1 rem = 10⁻² sievert
    • 1 curie = 3.7x10¹⁰ becquerel
    • 1 becquerel = 1 disintegration/sec

    Density of Water

    • 1 gm/cm³ = 1.94 slugs/ft³ (weight density = 62.4 lb/ft³)

    Light

    • 1 candela = 1 lumen/steradian
    • 1 footcandle = 10.76 candela/m² = 10.76 lux

    PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

    • Acceleration of gravity: 32.2 ft/sec² = 9.8 m/sec²
    • Velocity of light: 3.0 x 10⁸ m/sec
    • Planck's constant: 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·sec
    • Avogadro's number: 6.024 x 10²³/ gram-mole

    Area

    • Rectangle: Area = length × width
    • Square: Area = s², where 's' is the side length.
    • Triangle: Area = (1/2) × base × height
    • Circle: Area = π × r², where 'r' is the radius.

    Volume

    Shape Volume Formula Variables
    Rectangular Solid V = l×w×h l = Length, w = Width, h = Height
    Cube V = a³ a = Length of edge or side
    Cylinder V = πr²h r = Radius of the circular base, h = Height
    Prism V = B×h B = Area of base (e.g., side² or length × breadth), h = Height
    Sphere V = (4/3)πr³ r = Radius of the sphere
    Pyramid V = (1/3) × B × h B = Area of the base, h = Height of the pyramid

    Trigonometric Functions

    • Law of Cosines: C² = a² + b² - 2ab cos θC
    • Law of Sines: A/SinA = b/Sinb = c/Sinc
    • K.E. = ½ mv²

    Units and Conversions

    • 1 Newton (N) is equal to 1 kg * m/s2.
    • 1 kg is equal to 2.2 lb.
    • 1 bar equals 14.5 PSI, 0.98 atm, or 760 mm Hg.
    • 1 psia is equal to 51.72 mm Hg.
    • 1 psig is 14.7 psia added to the pressure reading.
    • 1 mm Hg (Torr) is equivalent to 0.01934 psia.

    Force and Motion

    • Force can be calculated using the formula: F = 40 * 9.8 = 392 N.
    • Friction force can be calculated using the formula: F = μN = 0.6 x 392 = 235.2 N, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force.
    • Work done is calculated by multiplying force and distance: W = FS, where W is work done in Joules (J), F is force in Newtons (N), and S is distance in meters (m).
    • Force can also be calculated using Newton's Second Law: F = ma/g, where m is mass, a is acceleration, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2).
    • Momentum is calculated using the formula: ρ = mv, where ρ is momentum, m is mass in kg, and v is velocity in m/s.

    Statistics

    • A histogram is a visual representation of the frequency distribution of data.
    • The mean is the average value of a data set and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.
    • The median is the central value in a data set, when it is ordered from smallest to largest.
    • The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
    • A left-skewed distribution has a longer tail on the lower end of the data, with the mean less than the median and mode.
    • A right-skewed distribution has a longer tail on the higher end of the data, with the mode less than the median and mean.
    • A symmetrical distribution has no skew, with the mean, median, and mode all equal.
    • Standard deviation is a measure of the spread of data around the mean.
    • One standard deviation encompasses approximately 68% of the data, two standard deviations encompass 95.45%, and three standard deviations encompass 99.73%.

    Hypothesis Testing

    • The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the population means.
    • A Type I error (false positive) occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.
    • A Type II error (false negative) occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false.

    Coefficient of Variation

    • The coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of the dispersion of data relative to the mean.
    • It is calculated as the standard deviation (S) divided by the mean (Xmean) and expressed as a percentage.
    • A higher CV indicates a greater variability in the data.

    Cumulative Error

    • Cumulative error is used to determine the uncertainty in a measurement due to the accumulation of errors from various sources, such as calibration errors, lab errors, instrument measurement errors, and correction errors.
    • As the sample size increases, the cumulative error decreases, leading to a more accurate assessment of the mean.

    Precision and Accuracy

    • Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value.
    • Precision refers to the reproducibility of measurements, or how close repeated measurements are to each other.

    Lower Confidence Limit (LCL)

    • The LCL is used by OSHA to determine if a measured value exceeds permissible exposure limits (PELs).
    • If the LCL is greater than the PEL, then the worker is considered to be overexposed.
    • If the PEL is greater than the LCL, then the worker is considered to be compliant.
    • If the time-weighted average (TWA) or PEL is over 1 and the LCL is also over 1, then the worker is overexposed.

    Area and Volume Formulas

    • Rectangle: Area = length * width
    • Square: Area = s2, where s is the side length.
    • Triangle: Area = (1/2) base * height
    • Circle: Area = π * r2, where r is the radius.
    • Rectangular Solid/Cuboid: Volume = length * width * height
    • Cube: Volume = a3, where a is the side length.
    • Cylinder: Volume = πr2h, where r is the radius and h is the height.
    • Prism: Volume = B * h, where B is the area of the base and h is the height.
    • Sphere: Volume = (4/3)πr3, where r is the radius.
    • Pyramid: Volume = (1/3) * B * h, where B is the area of the base and h is the height.

    Trigonometric Functions

    • Law of Cosines: c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos θC
    • Law of Sines: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

    Energy

    • Kinetic Energy: KE = ½ * mv2 , where KE is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is velocity.
    • Potential Energy: PE = mgh, where PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
    • Elastic Potential Energy: PEelastic = ½ * k * x2, where PEelastic is elastic potential energy, k is the spring constant, and x is the amount of compression or extension.

    Force

    • Newton (N): One Newton is the force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s².
    • Tension Forces: These forces are required to pull an object, opposite to compression forces.
    • Spring Force: This force is exerted by a compressed or stretched spring.
    • Frictional Force: F = μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force.

    Variance and Standard Deviation

    • Variance: σ2 = Σ(X - Xav)2/N, where σ2 is the variance, Xav is the average value, N is the sample size, and Σ denotes summation.
    • Standard Deviation: S = √(Σ(X - Xav)2/N), where S is the standard deviation, Xav is the average value, N is the sample size.

    Statistics and Parameters

    • Statistic: A numerical value that describes a sample, a subset of the population.
    • Parameter: A value that describes the entire population. It summarizes the characteristics of the population.
    • F-Test: A statistical test used to measure the accuracy of a statistic.

    Types of Errors

    • Type I Error (False Positive): Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
    • Type II Error (False Negative): Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false.

    Correlation Coefficient (r)

    • The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.
    • A value of 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, and 0 indicates no correlation.

    ### Force and Motion

    • 1 Newton (N) is the force that gives a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s2
    • Force is the product of mass and acceleration: F = ma
    • Work done is calculated as the product of force and distance: W = FS
    • Momentum is the product of mass and velocity: ρ = mv
    • Friction force is the product of the coefficient of friction and the normal force: F = μN
    • If there is an angle in the force, then the horizontal component of the force is Nsin angle + μ *N cos angle

    ### Units of Measurement

    • 1 kg = 2.2 lb
    • 1 mile = 1.6 Km = 1609 meter
    • 1 m/s = 3.281 ft/s
    • 1 m = 100 cm
    • 1 m = 1000 mm

    ### Statistics

    • A histogram is a graph used to distribute data frequency.
    • Mean is the average value of a data set
    • Median is the central number in a data set
    • Mode is the number that appears most frequently in a data set
    • Right skewed data shows that the mean is larger than the median.
    • Left skewed data shows that the mean is less than the median.
    • Symmetrical distribution occurs when: Mean = Median = Mode

    ### Area

    • Area of a rectangle: Area = length * width
    • Area of a square: Area = s², where s = side
    • Area of a triangle: Area = (1/2) b * h where b = base and h = height
    • Area of a circle: Area = π * r², where r = radius

    ### Angles

    • 1 radian = 180°/π

    ### Volume

    • The volume of a rectangular solid or cuboid is calculated as: V=l×w×h; where:
      • l = Length
      • w = Width
      • h = Height
    • The volume of a cube is: V=a³, where: a = Length of edge or side.
    • The volume of a cylinder is: V = πr2h, where:
      • r = Radius of the circular base
      • h = Height
    • The volume of a prism is calculated as: V=B×h; where:
      • B = Area of base, B = side2 or length.breadth)
      • h = Height
    • The volume of a sphere is: V = (4⁄3)πr3 , where r = Radius of the sphere.
    • Volume of a pyramid: V = (1⁄3) × B × h, where:
      • B = Area of the base
      • h = Height of the pyramid

    ### Energy

    • Kinetic Energy is calculated as: K.E.= ½ mv2 ; where:
      • K.E.= kinetic energy (N)
      • m = mass of the object
      • v = speed of the object (velocity)
    • Potential energy is calculated as: P.E.= mgh; where:
      • m = mass of the object (kg)
      • g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/s2)
      • h = height above earth’s surface (m)
    • Elastic Potential Energy: P.E.elastic = ½ kx2, where:
      • k = spring constant (N/m2)
      • x = amount of compression (distance in m)

    ### Other

    • 1 hour = 3600 seconds
    • 1 ton (US) =2000 lb
    • 1 liter = 1000 cm3 = 1000 ml
    • 1 ft3 = 7.5 gallons
    • 1 gallon = 3.78 liters
    • 1 liter = 61.02 cu in
    • 1 kg = 2.2 lb
    • 1 lb = 454 gram
    • 1 atm = 14.7 psi = 760 mm Hg
    • 1% by volume = 10,000 parts per million (ppm)
    • Tc=Tf-32/1.8
    • Tk=Tc+273
    • F=460 + R
    • 1 cal = 4.186 J

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on kinetic and potential energy concepts! This quiz covers the fundamental principles, formulas, and types of energy including gravitational and elastic potential energy. Perfect for students studying physics or energy topics.

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