Kinesiology Movement Terminology Quiz

Active movement is caused by gravitational pull.

Passive movement can be caused by stretched connective tissues.

Osteokinematics describes the motion of bones relative to two cardinal planes of the body.

Degrees of Freedom refers to the number of permitted, independent directions of angular motions allowed at a joint.

Greater degree of freedom at a joint indicates greater stability of that joint system.

All synovial joints in the body only allow angular movements, no translations.

Excessive translation of a bone relative to the joint always indicates normal joint health.

A significant reduction in translation within a joint may indicate pathologic stiffness.

If the agonist and the antagonist contract simultaneously, co-contraction occurs to provide stability for the joint.

A neutralizer muscle prevents unwanted motion at the joint where the agonist is trying to execute a movement.

Gluteus Maximus is an antagonist of hip extension.

Hamstrings are synergists of hip flexion.

Muscular Force Couple occurs when muscles produce forces in different linear directions resulting in torques in different rotary directions.

In a lever system, opposing torques can balance each other if moment arm lengths are equal.

Iliopsoas is a synergist of hip extension.

Gluteus Medius & Adductor group are stabilizers.

Fusiform muscles have fibers that approach their central tendon obliquely.

The physiologic cross-sectional area of a whole muscle reflects the amount of inactive proteins available to generate active force.

Pennation angle is defined as the angle of orientation between the muscle fibers and tendon.

In pennate muscles, such as rectus femoris, fibers run parallel to one another and to a central tendon.

If muscle fibers are parallel to the tendon, the pennation angle is defined as 90 degrees.

Physiologic cross-sectional area is proportional to the sum of the cross-sectional area of all muscle fibers.

Muscles with many shapes have no influence on their ultimate function.

Active proteins play a role in supporting the structure of muscle fibers.

Muscle can generate force by contracting or resisting being pulled apart.

Afferent feedback from the periphery helps orchestrate the amount, timing, and precision of movement.

Afferent impulses can only initiate from the eyes and the semicircular canals of the ears.

Muscle spindle consists of extrafusal fibers sensitive to muscle length and velocity changes.

Muscle spindle detects dynamic and static changes in muscle length.

Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is activated by tension and passive muscle stretch.

Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is located in the muscle fibers.

Stretch reflex, deep tendon reflex, and muscle spindle reflex are all initiated by active movement.

Changes in muscle receptors guide cardiovascular output and motor neuron pool excitability.

Complexity of innervation refers to the multiple mechanisms that regulate muscle force generation.

When a muscle actively shortens, the SEC will be under tension.

Tendons will be under tension when a muscle contracts and pull them.

Passive tension in stretched muscles depends on active contraction.

Passive tension serves the purpose of moving or stabilizing a joint against external forces.

Active shortening of a muscle can create passive tension in connective tissue elements.

The tendon is under reduced tension when a muscle is contracting.

When a muscle completely relaxes, the tendon is also completely relaxed.

Passive tension refers to tension developed in the active contractile component of the muscle.