Kinesiology Anatomy and Movement Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes a body part located towards the front half of the body?

Distal

Superior

Posterior

Anterior (correct)

What movement decreases the angle between two bones?

Extension

Abduction

Flexion (correct)

Internal Rotation

If your hand is pronated, what rotational movement has occurred in the forearm?

Circumduction

Medial rotation

Dorsiflexion

Lateral rotation (correct)

Which movement is best described as the circular motion?

Circumduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for moving a body part away from the midline?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

What term describes raising the lateral border of the foot, so the sole turns outwards?

Eversion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key role of the skeletal system?

Providing attachments for muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which movement brings the top of the foot closer to the shin?

Dorsiflexion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of bone tissue as a storehouse?

It primarily stores calcium and phosphorus, which can be mobilized when needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bone marrow?

Production of red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by having a shell with a cavity in the middle?

Long bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Patella Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Regular weight-bearing exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is a stress fracture?

A tiny crack in the bone that is usually hard to detect. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is both involuntary and striated?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle fibers maintain a constant length?

Isometric Signup and view all the answers

Which of these joints is classified as a fibrous joint?

Sutures of the skull Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint permits movement in one plane only?

Hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the movement capability of a gliding joint?

Sliding movement in two planes Signup and view all the answers

Which example best represents a ball and socket joint?

Hip Signup and view all the answers

A saddle joint's movement is best described as which of the following?

Flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, with no rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a pivot joint?

Allows rotation in one plane Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a strain and a sprain?

A sprain involves damage to ligaments, while a strain involves damage to tendons or muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

To facilitate exchange of nutrients and gases with tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary limitation of using BMI as an indicator of obesity?

BMI does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of mechanics is concerned with systems in a constant state of motion?

Static Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with the body's tissues?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of kinematics?

Study of the description of motion, including space and time. Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, which pressure change helps return blood to the heart?

Decreased pressure in the chest cavity and increased pressure in the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a quantitative approach to movement analysis?

Describing movement using numerical data and instrumentation. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process does 'depolarization' refer to in the context of the heart's electrical activity?

The spreading of an electrical signal to initiate contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of Newton's laws of motion is best exemplified by a sprinter's push against the starting block?

Law of Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided material, what is the primary focus of the field of motor learning?

How skills are acquired and refined with practice. Signup and view all the answers

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

Atrial depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of research studying the psychology of sport?

Investigating the mental and emotional factors of athletic performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the primary source of energy for the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes intrinsic motivation?

Engaging in an activity for the inherent pleasure it provides. Signup and view all the answers

What does RMR, which must be calculated carefully, stand for?

Resting Metabolic Rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly lists the two micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Position

Understand directional terms for describing body position and movement: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, and distal.
Know how to use these terms to explain movement relative to anatomical position.

Kinesiology Exam Review

Learn the three anatomical planes and axes.
Be familiar with flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction, supination, pronation, protraction, retraction, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion.
Understand how these movements relate to joints.

Skeletal System

Bones have five roles: protection, framework, muscle attachment, nutrient storage (calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell formation in bone marrow.
Six types of bones: long (e.g., femur), short (e.g., carpals), flat (e.g., ribs), irregular (e.g., vertebrae), sesamoid (e.g., patella), wormian.
Know bone formation and remodeling processes.

Osteoporosis

Four risk factors for osteoporosis: Lack of calcium and vitamin D, physical inactivity, excessive smoking or alcohol use, post-menopausal status.
Four preventative measures include a balanced diet rich in dairy products and calcium-rich foods, weight-bearing exercises, a healthy lifestyle (avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol), and regular bone density testing/medical intervention when needed.

Fractures

Know the four types of fractures: stress, simple, compound, and comminuted fracture.
Describe the characteristics of each fracture type.

Muscular System

Three types of muscle tissue: skeletal (voluntary, striated, attached to bones), cardiac (involuntary, striated, heart), and smooth (involuntary, non-striated, surrounds internal organs).
Three types of muscle contraction: isometric, isotonic, isokinetic.
Recognize the neuromuscluar junction( where motor neurons control muscle contraction), calcium role (necessary in muscle contraction) and sliding filament theory (actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other during contraction).

Joints

Three types of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Describe the different types of synovial joints, like hinge, gliding, ball-and-socket, ellipsoidal, pivot, and saddle joints.
Understand how different joint types permit various degrees of movement.
Understand the difference between a strain and a sprain.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Know the roles of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins: carrying blood, regulating blood distribution, exchanging gases/nutrients, and returning blood to the heart.
Understand how blood returns to the heart due to the skeletal muscle pump, the thoracic pump, and the nervous system.
Be familiar with the heart's electrical conduction system (depolarization, repolarization, diastole, and systole).
Describe the events occurring during a cardiac cycle (P wave, QRS complex, and T wave).
Calculate cardiac output and understand the relationship between stroke volume and cardiac output.
Describe pathways of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body.

Energy Systems

Understand anaerobic alactic, anaerobic lactic, and aerobic energy systems, focusing on energy source, duration, and products.
Define the three sub-pathways of cellular respiration and ATP produced in each.
Differentiate between slow and fast twitch muscle fibers.

Nutrition

The three macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Two micronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
RMR measures resting metabolic rate (calories your body burns to maintain basic functions, like breathing, heart rate, temperature and digestion.)
Calculate BMI by dividing weight (in kg) by height (in m²). Be aware of BMI's limitations in identifying obesity.

Biomechanics

Be familiar with the concepts of static and dynamic biomechanics (static = constant motion, dynamic = motion with acceleration).
Differentiate between kinematics and kinetics (kinematics = description of motion, kinetics = analysis of forces causing motion).
Understand Newton's three laws of motion [inertia, acceleration, and reaction].
Know the seven principles of biomechanics.
State and explain Fitz and Posner's three stages of learning and the stages of skill development.
Recognize the differences between human morphology body types.
Know the four stages of human development (prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adolescence) according to age and Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Psychology of Sport

Know the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Explain how rewards influence intrinsic motivation.
Recognize sources of self-efficacy and describe outcomes, including the two moderating variables.
State and explain the two types of achievement goal orientations.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in kinesiology, including anatomical position, directional terms, and the various types of joint movements. Additionally, you will explore the roles and types of bones in the skeletal system, including their formation and remodeling processes. Prepare to deepen your understanding of human anatomy and movement.