Kinesiology Anatomy and Movement Concepts
40 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which term describes a body part located towards the front half of the body?

  • Distal
  • Superior
  • Posterior
  • Anterior (correct)

What movement decreases the angle between two bones?

  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Flexion (correct)
  • Internal Rotation

If your hand is pronated, what rotational movement has occurred in the forearm?

  • Circumduction
  • Medial rotation
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Lateral rotation (correct)

Which movement is best described as the circular motion?

<p>Circumduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for moving a body part away from the midline?

<p>Abduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes raising the lateral border of the foot, so the sole turns outwards?

<p>Eversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key role of the skeletal system?

<p>Providing attachments for muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement brings the top of the foot closer to the shin?

<p>Dorsiflexion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of bone tissue as a storehouse?

<p>It primarily stores calcium and phosphorus, which can be mobilized when needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bone marrow?

<p>Production of red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by having a shell with a cavity in the middle?

<p>Long bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

<p>Patella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for osteoporosis?

<p>Regular weight-bearing exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stress fracture?

<p>A tiny crack in the bone that is usually hard to detect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is both involuntary and striated?

<p>Cardiac muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle fibers maintain a constant length?

<p>Isometric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these joints is classified as a fibrous joint?

<p>Sutures of the skull (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint permits movement in one plane only?

<p>Hinge joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the movement capability of a gliding joint?

<p>Sliding movement in two planes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best represents a ball and socket joint?

<p>Hip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A saddle joint's movement is best described as which of the following?

<p>Flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, with no rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a pivot joint?

<p>Allows rotation in one plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a strain and a sprain?

<p>A sprain involves damage to ligaments, while a strain involves damage to tendons or muscles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>To facilitate exchange of nutrients and gases with tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary limitation of using BMI as an indicator of obesity?

<p>BMI does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of mechanics is concerned with systems in a constant state of motion?

<p>Static (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with the body's tissues?

<p>Capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of kinematics?

<p>Study of the description of motion, including space and time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, which pressure change helps return blood to the heart?

<p>Decreased pressure in the chest cavity and increased pressure in the abdominal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a quantitative approach to movement analysis?

<p>Describing movement using numerical data and instrumentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process does 'depolarization' refer to in the context of the heart's electrical activity?

<p>The spreading of an electrical signal to initiate contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of Newton's laws of motion is best exemplified by a sprinter's push against the starting block?

<p>Law of Reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

<p>Diastole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided material, what is the primary focus of the field of motor learning?

<p>How skills are acquired and refined with practice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

<p>Atrial depolarization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of research studying the psychology of sport?

<p>Investigating the mental and emotional factors of athletic performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the primary source of energy for the body?

<p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes intrinsic motivation?

<p>Engaging in an activity for the inherent pleasure it provides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RMR, which must be calculated carefully, stand for?

<p>Resting Metabolic Rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly lists the two micronutrients?

<p>Vitamins and minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anterior

The front half of the body or the position in front of a body part.

Posterior

The back half of the body or the position behind a body part.

Superior

Refers to upward surfaces or the position above a body part.

Inferior

Refers to downward surfaces or the position below a body part.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medial

Moving towards the midline of the body or towards the median plane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral

Moving away from the midline of the body or away from the median plane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proximal

Towards the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distal

Further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone: Nutrient Reservoir

Bone tissue stores phosphorus and calcium, which can be released when needed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone: Blood Cell Production

Red blood cells are produced within the bone marrow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Long Bone

Bones with a hollow center, like the femur and tibia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Short Bone

Bones with no marrow cavity and a compact, cube-like shape, like the carpals in your wrist.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flat Bone

Bones that are thin and flat, like the skull bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Irregular Bone

Bones with irregular shapes, like the vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sesamoid Bone

Tiny bones embedded within tendons, like the kneecap (patella).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscles that are attached to bones, helping with movement. They have striated (striped) appearance under a microscope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Depolarization

The process of an electrical signal spreading to cause muscle contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Repolarization

The process of the heart muscle resetting itself after contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diastole

The relaxation phase of the heart cycle, where the heart fills with blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systole

The contraction phase of the heart cycle, where blood is pumped out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stroke volume

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardiac Output (CO)

The total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaerobic Alactic

The energy system that uses stored ATP and creatine phosphate for short bursts of high-intensity activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaerobic Lactic

The energy system that uses glucose for energy, producing lactic acid as a byproduct.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Static Mechanics

A branch of mechanics studying systems in a constant state of motion (e.g., balancing).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dynamic Mechanics

A branch of mechanics studying systems subject to acceleration (e.g., a ball flying through the air).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kinematics

The study of motion descriptions, including considerations of space and time (e.g., analyzing joint angles and speed of a throw).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kinetics

The study of the forces causing a system to move (e.g., analyzing muscle forces during a jump).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quantitative Approach

Describing a movement or its parts using numbers, often with instruments (e.g., measuring the angle of a joint during a swing).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Qualitative Approach

Describing movements using words without specific measurements (e.g., describing a graceful jump).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scalar

A quantity with only magnitude (e.g., speed, mass, temperature).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vector

A quantity with both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, force, displacement).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuromuscular Junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is where the motor neuron releases acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to receptors on the muscle fiber membrane, causing depolarization and triggering a muscle contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcium's Role in Muscle Contractions

Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction, which is controlled by a mechanism called the sliding filament theory. When a muscle fiber is stimulated, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These ions bind to troponin, a protein attached to tropomyosin, which is wrapped around the actin filaments. This binding causes a conformational change in tropomyosin, exposing the myosin-binding sites on the actin filaments, allowing the myosin heads to attach and initiate the sliding filament mechanism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sliding Filament Theory

The sliding filament theory explains how muscle fibers contract. It involves the interaction between actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) within a sarcomere, the basic unit of muscle contraction. Myosin heads bind to actin filaments, pulling them closer, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere and ultimately the muscle fiber.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fibrous Joints

Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly movable joints where bones are tightly connected by dense connective tissue. Examples include sutures of the skull.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cartilaginous Joints

Cartilaginous joints are slightly movable joints where bones are connected by cartilage. Examples include the intervertebral discs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are freely movable joints characterized by the presence of a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. They are classified into six types based on their movement capabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Roles of Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, and Veins

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries that regulate blood flow to capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Anatomical Position

  • Understand directional terms for describing body position and movement: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, and distal.
  • Know how to use these terms to explain movement relative to anatomical position.

Kinesiology Exam Review

  • Learn the three anatomical planes and axes.
  • Be familiar with flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction, supination, pronation, protraction, retraction, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion.
  • Understand how these movements relate to joints.

Skeletal System

  • Bones have five roles: protection, framework, muscle attachment, nutrient storage (calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell formation in bone marrow.
  • Six types of bones: long (e.g., femur), short (e.g., carpals), flat (e.g., ribs), irregular (e.g., vertebrae), sesamoid (e.g., patella), wormian.
  • Know bone formation and remodeling processes.

Osteoporosis

  • Four risk factors for osteoporosis: Lack of calcium and vitamin D, physical inactivity, excessive smoking or alcohol use, post-menopausal status.
  • Four preventative measures include a balanced diet rich in dairy products and calcium-rich foods, weight-bearing exercises, a healthy lifestyle (avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol), and regular bone density testing/medical intervention when needed.

Fractures

  • Know the four types of fractures: stress, simple, compound, and comminuted fracture.
  • Describe the characteristics of each fracture type.

Muscular System

  • Three types of muscle tissue: skeletal (voluntary, striated, attached to bones), cardiac (involuntary, striated, heart), and smooth (involuntary, non-striated, surrounds internal organs).
  • Three types of muscle contraction: isometric, isotonic, isokinetic.
  • Recognize the neuromuscluar junction( where motor neurons control muscle contraction), calcium role (necessary in muscle contraction) and sliding filament theory (actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other during contraction).

Joints

  • Three types of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
  • Describe the different types of synovial joints, like hinge, gliding, ball-and-socket, ellipsoidal, pivot, and saddle joints.
  • Understand how different joint types permit various degrees of movement.
  • Understand the difference between a strain and a sprain.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

  • Know the roles of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins: carrying blood, regulating blood distribution, exchanging gases/nutrients, and returning blood to the heart.
  • Understand how blood returns to the heart due to the skeletal muscle pump, the thoracic pump, and the nervous system.
  • Be familiar with the heart's electrical conduction system (depolarization, repolarization, diastole, and systole).
  • Describe the events occurring during a cardiac cycle (P wave, QRS complex, and T wave).
  • Calculate cardiac output and understand the relationship between stroke volume and cardiac output.
  • Describe pathways of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body.

Energy Systems

  • Understand anaerobic alactic, anaerobic lactic, and aerobic energy systems, focusing on energy source, duration, and products.
  • Define the three sub-pathways of cellular respiration and ATP produced in each.
  • Differentiate between slow and fast twitch muscle fibers.

Nutrition

  • The three macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Two micronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
  • RMR measures resting metabolic rate (calories your body burns to maintain basic functions, like breathing, heart rate, temperature and digestion.)
  • Calculate BMI by dividing weight (in kg) by height (in m2). Be aware of BMI's limitations in identifying obesity.

Biomechanics

  • Be familiar with the concepts of static and dynamic biomechanics (static = constant motion, dynamic = motion with acceleration).
  • Differentiate between kinematics and kinetics (kinematics = description of motion, kinetics = analysis of forces causing motion).
  • Understand Newton's three laws of motion [inertia, acceleration, and reaction].
  • Know the seven principles of biomechanics.
  • State and explain Fitz and Posner's three stages of learning and the stages of skill development.
  • Recognize the differences between human morphology body types.
  • Know the four stages of human development (prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adolescence) according to age and Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Psychology of Sport

  • Know the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
  • Explain how rewards influence intrinsic motivation.
  • Recognize sources of self-efficacy and describe outcomes, including the two moderating variables.
  • State and explain the two types of achievement goal orientations.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in kinesiology, including anatomical position, directional terms, and the various types of joint movements. Additionally, you will explore the roles and types of bones in the skeletal system, including their formation and remodeling processes. Prepare to deepen your understanding of human anatomy and movement.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser