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Questions and Answers
What does the area beneath a velocity-time graph represent?
What does the area beneath a velocity-time graph represent?
- Acceleration
- Displacement (correct)
- Time
- Velocity
In a velocity-time graph, what does the gradient signify?
In a velocity-time graph, what does the gradient signify?
- Force
- Acceleration (correct)
- Velocity
- Distance
When conducting the ball bearing experiment, what is the constant height used for measurement?
When conducting the ball bearing experiment, what is the constant height used for measurement?
- 0.75 m (correct)
- 0.50 m
- 1.00 m
- 0.25 m
What is the purpose of reducing the height by 0.05 m in the experiment?
What is the purpose of reducing the height by 0.05 m in the experiment?
By substituting the equation v = u + at into the equation s = (u + v)t, what is derived?
By substituting the equation v = u + at into the equation s = (u + v)t, what is derived?
Flashcards
Area under velocity-time graph
Area under velocity-time graph
The area under a velocity-time graph represents the displacement of an object. This means the total distance traveled by the object during a certain time interval.
Gradient of velocity-time graph
Gradient of velocity-time graph
The gradient (slope) of a velocity-time graph represents the acceleration of an object. This means the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
v = u + at
v = u + at
One of the equations of motion in kinematics. It is used to calculate the final velocity (v) of an object given its initial velocity (u), acceleration (a), and time (t).
s = (u + v)t / 2
s = (u + v)t / 2
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v² = u² + 2as
v² = u² + 2as
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Study Notes
Kinematics
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Distance: The amount of ground covered by an object, a scalar quantity.
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Displacement: The overall distance from the starting point, including direction, a vector quantity.
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Speed: The distance travelled per unit time, a scalar quantity.
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Velocity: The rate of change of displacement over time, a vector quantity.
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Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity over time.
- Uniform acceleration: Constant acceleration.
- Non-uniform acceleration: Changing acceleration.
-
Uniform acceleration equations:
- s = ut + ½at²
- s = (u+v)t/2
- v² = u² + 2as
- where:
- s = displacement
- u = initial velocity
- v = final velocity
- a = acceleration
- t = time
-
Graphs:
- Displacement-time graphs: Show displacement over time; gradient represents velocity.
- Velocity-time graphs: Show velocity over time; gradient represents acceleration; area under the graph represents displacement.
- Acceleration-time graphs: Show acceleration over time; area under the graph represents change in velocity.
- Instantaneous velocity: Velocity at a specific point in time, found by the gradient of a tangent to the displacement-time graph at that time.
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Distance and speed graphs: Distance vs time and speed vs time, both are scalar values and never negative.
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Experimental determination of g (acceleration due to gravity):
- Apparatus: Light gates, data logger, electromagnet, steel ball bearing, stand, etc.
- Procedure: Adjust a height, switch on electromagnet to hold the ball bearing, switch off, note time for ball to fall. Repeat for different heights, and determine the mean values.
- Method: Plot a graph of 2h against t²; the gradient gives the value of g.
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