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Questions and Answers
How is speed defined in contrast to velocity?
What can be said about the magnitude of velocity?
What signifies that a particle is slowing down?
What is the significance of the slope in the given graph?
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What is a key characteristic of acceleration?
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At what time does the particle first reach the origin based on the provided data?
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Which of the following is true about average speed?
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Which statement correctly describes the position of the particle from 0 to 30 minutes?
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What does a negative slope indicate about the particle's motion?
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During which interval is the particle below the origin?
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What is the primary difference between distance and displacement?
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Which statement correctly describes velocity?
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In a speed-time graph, which shape indicates that a body is moving with constant speed?
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What is free fall?
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What does acceleration measure?
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Which condition indicates uniform motion?
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Which of the following best describes projectile motion?
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How can one determine the components of projectile motion?
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What is the displacement when a particle moves from $x = 3 , m$ to $x = 7 , m$?
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Which statement about displacement is true?
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What is the distance traveled if a particle moves from $x = 4 , m$ to $x = 8 , m$ and then to $x = 3 , m$?
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If a particle moves in the negative direction, what can be concluded about its displacement?
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How would the distance differ from the displacement if an object moves from $x = 1 , m$ to $x = 1 , m$?
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What does the sign of displacement indicate?
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Why is displacement classified as a vector quantity?
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What is the distance traveled when an object moves from $x = 8 , m$ to $x = 5 , m$, then to $x = 10 , m$?
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Study Notes
Kinematics
- Involves the study of motion without considering the forces that cause the motion
- Defined by Galileo Galilei
- Is part of the branch of Mechanics
- Mechanics also includes, Dynamics (Defined by Isaac Newton), which focuses on forces that cause motion
Position and Displacement
- All measurements are made with respect to a frame of reference, such as the origin (zero)
- Position of an object at any given time can be defined with coordinates on the horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis)
- Displacement refers to the change in position of an object
- Displacement (∆𝑥) is the change in position of the object. ∆𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥
- Sign in front of displacement (∆𝑥) is important because, displacement is a vector quantity and thus indicates direction
- If displacement is positive, it means motion is in the positive direction
- If displacement is negative, it means motion is in the negative direction
- If displacement is zero, it means there was no change in position
Distance Travelled
- Distance travelled is the length or total path followed by a particle
- Distance is a scalar quantity, only magnitude, no direction
- If a particle travels from 𝑥 = 5 𝑚 to 𝑥 = 9 𝑚 , the distance is 4 𝑚
- If a particle travels from 𝑥 = 7 𝑚 to 𝑥 = 2 𝑚 , the distance is 5 𝑚
Speed & Velocity
- Speed measures how fast an object is moving and it is a scalar quantity (magnitude only)
- Speed is the rate of change of distance
- Average speed =
- Velocity is the rate of change of displacement and is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction)
- Velocity 𝑣 =
- Velocity can be zero, negative, or positive
- Speed cannot be negative or zero
- Velocity indicates magnitude of speed and the direction of the motion
Acceleration
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction)
- Average acceleration =
- Deceleration indicates the object is slowing down, or velocity is decreasing in magnitude
- This does not mean that the acceleration is negative.
- If velocity and acceleration have the same sign, the particle is speeding up
- If velocity and acceleration have opposing signs, the particle is slowing down
- When acceleration is constant, its average value and instantaneous value are equal.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of kinematics, including the study of motion and displacement. Understand the definitions provided by Galileo Galilei and the importance of frame of reference in measuring position. It also touches on the distinction between position and displacement and their vector nature.
