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Questions and Answers
A car is traveling at a constant velocity. Which statement accurately describes its instantaneous acceleration?
A car is traveling at a constant velocity. Which statement accurately describes its instantaneous acceleration?
- It is constantly decreasing.
- It is constantly increasing.
- It is equal to its average acceleration.
- It is equal to zero. (correct)
What distinguishes velocity from speed?
What distinguishes velocity from speed?
- Velocity is always greater than speed because it accounts for air resistance.
- Velocity is scalar, while speed is a vector.
- Velocity is measured in m/s, while speed is measured in km/h.
- Velocity includes direction, while speed does not. (correct)
A ball is thrown upwards. At its maximum height, what is its instantaneous vertical velocity?
A ball is thrown upwards. At its maximum height, what is its instantaneous vertical velocity?
- It is equal to zero. (correct)
- It is equal to its initial velocity.
- It is constantly increasing.
- It is at its maximum value.
What condition is necessary for an object to reach terminal velocity?
What condition is necessary for an object to reach terminal velocity?
How does air resistance affect the acceleration of a falling object?
How does air resistance affect the acceleration of a falling object?
A projectile is launched at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, what force acts on it in the vertical direction?
A projectile is launched at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, what force acts on it in the vertical direction?
A projectile is fired horizontally. Neglecting air resistance, what can be said about its horizontal velocity?
A projectile is fired horizontally. Neglecting air resistance, what can be said about its horizontal velocity?
In projectile motion, what is the vertical acceleration of the object (neglecting air resistance)?
In projectile motion, what is the vertical acceleration of the object (neglecting air resistance)?
An object is in uniform circular motion. What is the direction of the centripetal force acting on it?
An object is in uniform circular motion. What is the direction of the centripetal force acting on it?
What distinguishes uniform circular motion from non-uniform circular motion?
What distinguishes uniform circular motion from non-uniform circular motion?
According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, what happens to the gravitational force if the distance between two objects is doubled?
According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, what happens to the gravitational force if the distance between two objects is doubled?
Which factor has the greatest influence on the orbital period of a satellite?
Which factor has the greatest influence on the orbital period of a satellite?
How is the relative velocity between two objects calculated when they are moving in the same direction?
How is the relative velocity between two objects calculated when they are moving in the same direction?
What is a 'frame of reference'?
What is a 'frame of reference'?
An object accelerates uniformly from rest at $2 m/s^2$ for 5 seconds. What is the object's velocity at the end of the 5 seconds?
An object accelerates uniformly from rest at $2 m/s^2$ for 5 seconds. What is the object's velocity at the end of the 5 seconds?
A car increases its velocity from 10 m/s to 20 m/s over a period of 5 seconds. What is the car's average acceleration?
A car increases its velocity from 10 m/s to 20 m/s over a period of 5 seconds. What is the car's average acceleration?
A freely falling object starts from rest. After 3 seconds, what is its approximate velocity (neglecting air resistance)?
A freely falling object starts from rest. After 3 seconds, what is its approximate velocity (neglecting air resistance)?
An object is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 15 m/s. Approximately how long will it take to reach its maximum height (neglecting air resistance)?
An object is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 15 m/s. Approximately how long will it take to reach its maximum height (neglecting air resistance)?
A ball is thrown horizontally from a height of 20 meters with a velocity of 5 m/s. How far will it travel horizontally before hitting the ground (neglecting air resistance)?
A ball is thrown horizontally from a height of 20 meters with a velocity of 5 m/s. How far will it travel horizontally before hitting the ground (neglecting air resistance)?
A car rounds a curve of radius 50 m at a speed of 10 m/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of the car?
A car rounds a curve of radius 50 m at a speed of 10 m/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of the car?
A satellite orbits Earth at a certain altitude. If the satellite is moved to a higher orbit, what happens to its orbital speed?
A satellite orbits Earth at a certain altitude. If the satellite is moved to a higher orbit, what happens to its orbital speed?
Two cars are approaching an intersection. Car A is traveling north at 20 m/s and Car B is traveling east at 30 m/s. What is the approximate magnitude of the velocity of Car A relative to Car B?
Two cars are approaching an intersection. Car A is traveling north at 20 m/s and Car B is traveling east at 30 m/s. What is the approximate magnitude of the velocity of Car A relative to Car B?
A train travels 120 km in 2 hours and then 180 km in 3 hours. What is its average speed for the entire journey?
A train travels 120 km in 2 hours and then 180 km in 3 hours. What is its average speed for the entire journey?
An object's motion is represented by a displacement-time graph. What does the slope of the graph at a particular point represent?
An object's motion is represented by a displacement-time graph. What does the slope of the graph at a particular point represent?
What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
A car accelerates from rest with a constant acceleration. Which statement about the distance traveled during equal time intervals is true?
A car accelerates from rest with a constant acceleration. Which statement about the distance traveled during equal time intervals is true?
A ball is thrown upwards and returns to its original height. What is the balls final direction?
A ball is thrown upwards and returns to its original height. What is the balls final direction?
What does g represent in equations related to free-falling bodies?
What does g represent in equations related to free-falling bodies?
Which one is not projectile motion?
Which one is not projectile motion?
Flashcards
Reference Frame
Reference Frame
A rigid framework used to measure the motion of an object.
Average Velocity
Average Velocity
Total displacement divided by total time.
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Velocity of an object at a specific point in time.
Average Acceleration
Average Acceleration
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Instantaneous Acceleration
Instantaneous Acceleration
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Free Body Diagram
Free Body Diagram
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Terminal Velocity
Terminal Velocity
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Projectile
Projectile
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Trajectory
Trajectory
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Maximum Height
Maximum Height
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Range
Range
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Time of Flight
Time of Flight
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Uniform Circular Motion
Uniform Circular Motion
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Centripetal Force
Centripetal Force
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Absolute Velocity
Absolute Velocity
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Relative Velocity
Relative Velocity
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Study Notes
- Kinematics is motion
- Unit 3 will consider motion in more than one direction, using vectors
Motion in a Straight Line
- Motion can be described using vector analysis
- A reference frame is a rigid framework or coordinate system used to measure an object's motion
- Average speed involves the total distance over the total time, while instantaneous speed is the speed at a specific moment
- Instantaneous acceleration describes how quickly an object's velocity changes at a precise moment
- Kinematics problems related to average and instantaneous velocity, as well as acceleration, can be approached using quantitative and qualitative methods
- Apply equations of motion to solve problems
- Graphs can be drawn from kinematics equations
- Interpret displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs
Frame of Reference
- A frame of reference is the perspective from which motion is observed and measured
- Different observers may have different frames of reference
- It is crucial to have an agreed frame of reference for consistent and shared understanding of observations
Average and Instantaneous Velocity
- In physics, velocity and speed are distinct
- Velocity is a vector, which includes both magnitude and direction
- Speed is a scalar with only magnitude
- Average velocity considers total displacement in a direction over total time
- Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific point in time
Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
- Average acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time taken for that change
- Instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration of an object at a specific point in time
- Instantaneous and average acceleration can differ, as illustrated by a bus journey
Motion with Constant Acceleration
- When an object's velocity and acceleration share the same sign, the object speeds up
- When they have different signs, the object slows down.
Freely Falling Bodies
- Free body diagram is a simplified diagram of an object showing all the forces acting on it
- A falling object experiences almost constant acceleration due to gravity on Earth.
- Air resistance opposes motion and reduces acceleration
- As a falling object accelerates, air resistance increases
- Eventually, the force of air resistance equals gravity, at which point the object reaches terminal velocity.
Graphical Representation of Motion
- Displacement-time graphs plot position versus time, with the slope representing velocity
- Steeper slopes indicate faster velocities
- Uniform slopes mean constant velocity
- Velocity-time graphs plot velocity versus time, with the slope representing acceleration
- The area under a velocity-time graph represents displacement
Motion in a Plane
- Analyze and predict projectile motion by considering horizontal and vertical components separately
- Derive and apply equations related to projectile motion for problem solving
Projectile Motion
- Projectile: Any object thrown into the air acted on by gravity, where the force only occurs at the point of launch (e.g. ball)
- Trajectory: The path of the projectile
- To analyze projectile motion, one must resolve motion into horizontal and vertical components
Uniform Circular Motion
- Circular motion requires a constant force directed towards the center of the circle
- Define centripetal force (the force acting on a body moving in a circle which is directed towards the centre of the circle) and centripetal acceleration (the force acting on a body moving in a circle which is directed towards the centre of the circle)
- Distinguish between uniform and non-uniform circular motion
- Angular Velocity: The rate at which an object rotates or revolves relative to a given time
- Radian Measure: An angle is determined by the length of the arc of a circle divided by the radius of the circle
Radial Force
- The force acting on a body moving in a circle which is directed towards the center of the circle
Motion of a Satellite
- An airplane stays in orbit because of the force of gravity
- Understand Newton's law of universal gravitation formula and apply it quantitatively to explain how they apply to planetary and satellite motion
Relative Velocities
- The relative velocity of bodies refers to when two bodies are moving at an angle relative to each other
- This can be determined
- Use the relative velocity equation to convert between reference frames in relative motion
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