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Questions and Answers
What best describes translation in motion?
What best describes translation in motion?
Which plane of motion is associated with flexion and extension?
Which plane of motion is associated with flexion and extension?
What is the definition of velocity in kinematics?
What is the definition of velocity in kinematics?
What factor influences the strength that a muscle can produce?
What factor influences the strength that a muscle can produce?
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Which type of energy is associated with the capacity to perform work?
Which type of energy is associated with the capacity to perform work?
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What is the definition of stress in the context of materials?
What is the definition of stress in the context of materials?
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Which type of load is associated with stretching materials along the axis of a cylinder?
Which type of load is associated with stretching materials along the axis of a cylinder?
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What is Young's Modulus a measure of?
What is Young's Modulus a measure of?
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What typically happens when a ductile material reaches its yield point?
What typically happens when a ductile material reaches its yield point?
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What is described as the largest stress a material can withstand before breaking?
What is described as the largest stress a material can withstand before breaking?
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What does fatigue in a material refer to?
What does fatigue in a material refer to?
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What factor affects how body tissues behave under stress?
What factor affects how body tissues behave under stress?
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What is an avulsion injury?
What is an avulsion injury?
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How does the composition and design of body tissue influence its flexibility?
How does the composition and design of body tissue influence its flexibility?
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What is the main purpose of allowing tissues time to rest after being stressed?
What is the main purpose of allowing tissues time to rest after being stressed?
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Study Notes
Kinematics and Motion
- Kinematics examines motion without considering force.
- Rotation involves one stationary point with other points moving in an arc around it, like on a Ferris wheel.
- During shoulder flexion, the joint rotates; the center of rotation can shift down, demonstrating translation or glide.
- Translation is characterized by every point of an object moving the same distance simultaneously.
Impingement and Therapy
- Impingement occurs when full motion is restricted, often resulting in muscular blockade.
- If a patient cannot achieve full motion, positioning them supine can facilitate therapy.
- Manual therapy involves manipulating the extremity to restore movement.
Motion Concepts
- Position indicates the location of an object in space.
- Displacement refers to the distance moved between two points.
- Velocity is calculated as displacement divided by time.
- Acceleration signifies changes in velocity over time.
Planes and Axes of Motion
- Sagittal Plane: divides body into right and left (involves flexion/extension).
- Frontal Plane: divides body into anterior and posterior (involves abduction/adduction).
- Transverse Plane: divides body into superior and inferior (involves medial/lateral movements).
Kinetics and Forces
- Kinetics studies motion influenced by forces.
- Work is defined as the force exerted to move an object a specific distance.
- Power measures the rate at which work is performed.
- Energy is the capacity to do work, encompassing potential (stored) and kinetic (motion) energy.
Mechanical Properties of Muscles and Tissue
- The quadriceps are the largest muscle group, with strength determined by density.
- The masseter is the strongest muscle.
- Extensive properties (e.g., mass, volume) change with amount of material, while intensive properties (e.g., density) remain consistent.
Stress and Strain
- Stress measures force per area (e.g., pounds per inch squared).
- Strain is the normalized deformation experienced by a material.
- Collagen-based tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments) respond differently to stress, with muscles elongating the most under tension.
Injury and Healing
- Rapid loading of collagenous tissue can cause rupture; adequate rest is necessary for recovery.
- Mobilizing tissues through hyperextension is crucial, with soft tissues requiring approximately eight weeks to heal adequately.
Load Types and Material Behavior
- Compressive Load: forces pushing along a cylinder's axis (e.g., vertebrae compression).
- Tensile Load: forces pulling along a cylinder's axis (common in ligament injuries).
- Young’s Modulus describes the stress-strain relationship in materials, indicating rigidity.
Types of Materials and Their Responses
- Ductile materials (e.g., paper clips) undergo plastic deformation before breaking, while brittle materials shatter immediately.
- Fatigue occurs with repetitive loading below yield strength, with a fatigue limit representing stress levels under which a material remains intact.
Practical Considerations for Body Mechanics
- Load positioning is essential; keeping loads close to the body improves mechanics during lifting.
- High load rates can cause ligament failures, while low load rates can result in avulsion fractures.
- Proper tools and ergonomic considerations (e.g., table height, footwear) can alleviate repetitive strain and facilitate safer movements.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of kinematics, focusing on motion without regard to forces. It delves into topics like rotation, translation, and clinical implications such as impingement and patient positioning in therapy. Test your understanding of these key terms and their applications in physical rehab.
