Kidney Structure and Function Quiz

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys are filtering plasma adequately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium oxalate stones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving oxygenation through hyperbaric therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless hematuria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ureteroscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming high amounts of protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the glomerulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coastal regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the stone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperfunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of coordinated neuromuscular contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden urge to urinate with difficulty in controlling it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria from gut flora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute cystitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benign or malignant growths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney stones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhances function of remaining nephrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurogenic bladder dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urosepsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Struvite stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate restoration of kidney function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age of the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ureterohydronephrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of kidney cancer.

Crystals or other substances that form in the urinary tract and can block it.

Another name for kidney stones.

When a substance is in a higher concentration than the solvent can dissolve.

Inflammation of the kidney's filtering system.

Factors that increase the chance of getting kidney stones. Gender, age, race, location, diet, etc.

Pain caused by a blocked urinary tract by a kidney stone.

Common type of bladder cancer.

Blockage in the upper parts of the urinary system, often impacting kidney function.

Large urine production after an obstruction is relieved.

Urinary problems due to nervous system issues, affecting bladder control.

Overactive bladder, causing frequent urination.

Condition causing frequent and sudden urge to urinate.

Inflammation of the urinary system due to bacteria.

Inflammation of the bladder.

Tumors in the kidney, possibly benign or malignant.

Narrowing of the urethra, causing urinary problems.

Increased size of the prostate gland, affecting urination.

The nephron is the smallest structure in the kidney responsible for filtering waste, regulating electrolytes, and maintaining fluid balance.

The glomerulus filters plasma, the fluid component of blood. It's like a sieve, separating waste products from the blood.

GFR measures how much plasma is filtered by the glomeruli per minute. It indicates how well the kidneys are working.

The filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) where reabsorption and secretion processes begin.

The kidneys filter waste, regulate blood pressure, produce hormones, maintain electrolyte balance, and regulate acid-base balance.

The number of nephrons decreases with age and due to renal vascular and perfusion changes.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decreases as people age, due to a decrease in functioning nephrons.

A system for removing urine, composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Interference with urine flow along the urinary tract, due to anatomical or functional issues.

Urine buildup in the ureter.

Enlarged renal pelvis and calyces (cup-like structures in the kidney).

Dilation of both the ureter and the pelvicaliceal system.

Depends on location, completeness, extent of ureter and kidney involvement, duration, and cause of blockage.

Children process changes in body acidity more slowly than adults.