Kidney Physiology: Reabsorption and Filtration M 3.3

<p>The ascending loop of Henle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water permeability is always high in the ascending loop of Henle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone indirectly influences transport maximums by regulating sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquaporins are protein channels that allow water to passively move across cell membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of ATP available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive reabsorption of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creatinine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a low intracellular sodium concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary active transport driven by the electrochemical gradient of sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permeable to water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reabsorb sodium and secrete hydrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water, contributing to urine concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inulin is used to measure the rate of filtration by the glomeruli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary pressure minus interstitial hydrostatic pressure minus capillary colloid pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two-thirds of the filtered water has been reabsorbed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased arterial pressure increases peri tubular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decreases reabsorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon of increased reabsorption rate in response to increased tubular load. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased resistance in afferent arterioles decreases peri tubular capillary hydrostatic pressure and increases reabsorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing reabsorption rate when tubular load increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raising systemic plasma colloid osmotic pressure increases peri tubular capillary reabsorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>124 ml per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the ease with which fluid can move across the capillary wall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal regulation of reabsorption by the renal tubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adjusting GFR in response to changes in the flow rate of filtrate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary colloid osmotic pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the net filtration pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular filtration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubular reabsorption is occurring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creatinine clearance is approximately equal to GFR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of GFR to renal plasma flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to estimate changes in glomerular filtration rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases sodium and water reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases sodium reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance by the kidneys per unit time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion rate is equal to filtration rate only if the substance is not reabsorbed or secreted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is freely filtered but not significantly reabsorbed or secreted by the kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacity of cell membranes to allow water to pass through them.

Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate, and excretes waste products.

Consists of thin descending, thin ascending, and thick ascending limbs with different functions.

Highly permeable to water and allows simple diffusion, reabsorbing 20% of filtered water.

Impermeable to water, reabsorbs sodium, chloride, and potassium actively.

Maintains low intracellular sodium concentration and enables solute transport.

Utilizes sodium gradient to move other solutes like chloride and potassium.

A slightly positive charge that drives the reabsorption of positively charged solutes.

A substance used to measure Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

The rate at which the kidneys filter blood, indicative of kidney function.

The process where substances are reabsorbed from renal tubules back into the blood.

The region where significant water reabsorption occurs, concentrating filtrate.

Increased tubular reabsorption in response to higher tubular load.

Forces that govern the rate of reabsorption in capillaries.

Mechanisms that maintain stable GFR despite changes in blood pressure.

Normal absorption of water and solutes from the filtrate is about 124 mL/min.

The difference in charge and concentration across a membrane that influences ion movement.

The maximum rate at which substances can be reabsorbed in the renal tubules.

A hormone that regulates sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Proteins that facilitate the rapid transport of water across cell membranes.

Water permeability is influenced by antidiuretic hormone, allowing water recovery.

Section of the nephron that helps concentrate urine by managing water and solute reabsorption.

A measure of kidney function that indicates how well blood is filtered through the kidneys.

The volume of plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time, used to estimate GFR.

The total amount of plasma that passes through the kidneys per unit time.

The ratio of GFR to renal plasma flow, indicating how much plasma is filtered by the kidneys.

Processes in the kidneys where substances are either reabsorbed back into the bloodstream or secreted into urine.

The difference between capillary pressure and opposing pressures (interstitial and colloid).

Process of moving fluids back into capillaries from interstitial fluid.

A measure of the capacity of capillaries to filter fluid.

Pressure exerted by a fluid in the capillary that promotes filtration.

Pressure exerted by proteins in the blood that pulls fluid into the capillaries.

The pressure from the interstitial fluid pushing against the capillaries.

Changes in arterial pressure affect hydrostatic pressures in capillaries.

Osmotic pressure from plasma proteins affecting capillary reabsorption.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting excretion.

Parathyroid hormone increases calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys.

Activation of sympathetic nerves increases renin release and decreases sodium excretion.

Renal clearance is how much plasma is cleared of a substance by the kidneys over time.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be calculated using inulin, which is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism cleared by glomerular filtration, used to estimate GFR.

The kidneys reabsorb sodium and water, which is inhibited by ANP for fluid balance.

The filtration rate of a substance is equal to the rate at which it is excreted, when not reabsorbed.