L1 Endocrinal function of the kidney

<p>They adjust blood flow into the glomerulus by contracting or relaxing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low NaCl transport stimulates renin secretion via signals from the macula densa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triggers reactions for salt conservation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulate RBC production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminates acids from protein metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fall in NaCl, extracellular fluid volume, and arterial blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PGE2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads to bone decalcification and weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bowman's capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juxtamedullary nephrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loop of Henle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption and secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortical nephron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of brush border (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collecting duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To concentrate urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of renal blood flow and blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood volume and pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

The filtration part of the nephron, composed of a ball of capillaries (glomerulus) and a surrounding capsule (Bowman's capsule).

The part of the nephron responsible for reabsorbing and secreting substances to fine-tune urine composition.

They are highly coiled tubules located in the cortex of the kidney, responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered water and solutes.

They are the u-shaped structures in the medulla of the kidney, responsible for concentrating or diluting urine.

They are highly coiled tubules located in the cortex of the kidney, responsible for fine-tuning the concentration of electrolytes and pH.

They are ducts that collect urine from multiple nephrons and transport it to the renal pelvis.

It is a specialized structure located near the glomerulus, responsible for regulating blood pressure and filtration rate.

These nephrons have their glomeruli near the medulla and have long loops of Henle that penetrate deep into the papilla, playing a crucial role in concentrating urine.

These nephrons have their glomeruli near the surface of the kidney and short loops of Henle, mainly involved in forming urine.

The kidneys maintain the balance of water, electrolytes, pH, and osmolarity in the extracellular fluid (ECF).

A condition where the kidneys are not functioning properly, leading to an inability to filter blood and maintain fluid balance.

The kidneys help maintain the balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium, essential for nerve and muscle function.

The kidneys regulate the pH of the blood by excreting excess acids and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

The kidneys produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

The kidneys activate vitamin D, converting it into its active form, which is essential for calcium absorption.

The kidney's ability to filter waste products like urea, uric acid, creatinine, and foreign compounds such as drugs from the bloodstream.

The process where the kidney synthesizes glucose from amino acids during prolonged fasting, providing energy for the body.

The kidney's role in maintaining normal blood pressure by releasing renin, an enzyme that triggers a cascade of events to increase blood volume and pressure.

The hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, crucial for oxygen transport in the blood.

An enzyme produced by the kidney that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and subsequently angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.

A group of hormones produced by the kidney that regulate blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. They act locally within the kidney.

The kidney's role in activating vitamin D, a crucial step for calcium absorption and bone formation. This conversion ensures proper calcium homeostasis.

The kidney's ability to regulate acid-base balance in the body by eliminating acid produced from protein metabolism and adjusting buffer systems.

Specialized structure near the glomerulus, important in regulating blood pressure and filtration rate.

Modified cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that sense changes in blood pressure and release renin.

Modified cells in the distal convoluted tubule that monitor the flow rate and concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate.

The afferent arteriole constricts in response to increased sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule. This helps control glomerular filtration rate.