Kidney Health and Conditions Quiz

diabetes mellitus and hypertension

False (B)

<p>Administer immunosuppressive drugs and make sure there is urine output after.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offers services for kidney transplant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low uric acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 90ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes mellitus including uncontrolled high blood pressure, infections, nephrotoxic drugs, and polycystic kidney disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysis = The breakdown of red blood cells Creatinine = A waste product of muscle breakdown Urea = A waste product of protein breakdown GFR = The rate at which blood is filtered by the glomeruli of the kidneys Metabolic acidosis = Build up of acid in the blood due to the kidney's inability to excrete acid Hyperkalemia = High levels of potassium in the blood Hypocalcemia = Low levels of calcium in the blood Hyperphosphatemia = High levels of phosphate in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Patients will also be prescribed medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and diuretics to manage CKD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced breath sounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphate binders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria or viruses entering the body, trauma, and compromised immune systems can cause sepsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

1. Excessive red meat consumption: High protein intake overworks kidneys. 2. High salt intake: Reduces kidney filtering efficiency and raises blood pressure. 3. Overuse of painkillers: Can damage kidney function. 4. Dehydration: Water is crucial for kidney function. 5. Consuming colored colas: High sugar and phosphorus content can strain kidneys over time. 6. Sedentary lifestyle: Causes unknown, but linked to kidney failure.

Urea is the primary end product of red meat breakdown.

Increases the workload on the kidneys.

Salt reduces kidney efficiency in filtering waste and can lead to high blood pressure.

Water is essential for kidney function. It helps dilute waste products and flushes them out.

Colored sodas contain high amounts of sugar and phosphorus, which can damage kidney function over time, especially with consistently high blood sugar levels like in diabetes.

Kidney failure can result from diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and pyelonephritis. It significantly impacts the body's ability to filter waste, leading to complications like increased blood pressure, retinopathy, ascites, decreased urine output, proteinuria, hematuria, hyperuricemia, metabolic acidosis, gastrointestinal issues, and cardiovascular problems.

Blood vessels in the eyes dilate to improve blood flow, but over time, this worsens damage and can lead to vision problems.

You can assess ascites by checking for fluid waves (more than 1 liter) or shifting dullness when changing positions.

Azotemia occurs when damaged kidneys fail to remove toxins effectively, leading to toxin buildup in the blood.

Proteinuria is the presence of protein in the urine, a sign of damaged basement membranes, which are responsible for reabsorbing protein for tissue repair and regeneration.

Hematuria refers to red blood cells in the urine, indicating potential damage to the kidneys.

Hyperuricemia is high uric acid levels in the blood. It's primarily caused by: 1. Urea from meat protein breakdown. 2. Uric acid from food. 3. Creatinine from muscle breakdown.

High uric acid levels tend to accumulate in the coldest area of the body, farthest from the heart, like the big toe.

Oliguria refers to a decreased urine output, a symptom of kidney damage.

Metabolic acidosis occurs when the kidneys fail to produce enough bicarbonate to neutralize acids. This results in waste product buildup, a shift of hydrogen ions into cells, and potassium ions out, leading to hyperkalemia.

Kidney failure can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium), dysrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and increased heart rate due to anemia.

Hyperkalemia happens due to the kidneys' inability to filter potassium effectively, leading to its accumulation in the blood.

You can reduce potassium levels by decreasing potassium intake, using diuretics, undergoing dialysis, or administering insulin to shuttle potassium into cells.

Sodium bicarbonate helps balance acid levels in the body, leading to potassium moving into cells and lowering blood potassium levels.

Kidney failure can cause increased respiratory rate (RR), with Kussmaul respiration (rapid and deep breathing) as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Crackles may also be present and PaO2 levels can decrease.

Kidney failure can cause anorexia (loss of appetite) due to a metallic taste from toxins, as well as nausea and vomiting.

Uric acid is filtered by the kidneys, but due to kidney damage, the kidneys slow down uric acid elimination. This can lead to hyperuricemia.

Preventing kidney failure involves managing diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, as these are major contributors to kidney damage.

The National Kidney and Transplant Institute is the only hospital in the Philippines that specializes in kidney transplants and care for patients with chronic kidney diseases.

In the Philippines, one person develops chronic kidney disease (CKD) every 40 minutes, with a total of 7 million people living with CKD

As people age, kidney function declines, with a 50% decrease in blood flow to the kidneys by the age of 50.

To manage uric acid levels, limit your intake of coffee, canned juice, red meat, purines, and vegetables high in uric acid, such as asparagus, cauliflower, mushrooms, and spinach.