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Questions and Answers
The ______ are the number 1 factor to renal failure.
The ______ are the number 1 factor to renal failure.
diabetes mellitus and hypertension
The number one factor contributing to kidney failure can be explained by a sedentary lifestyle.
The number one factor contributing to kidney failure can be explained by a sedentary lifestyle.
False
Which of these options are the primary causes of renal failure? (Select all that apply)
Which of these options are the primary causes of renal failure? (Select all that apply)
What is the medical management for the patient after a renal transplant?
What is the medical management for the patient after a renal transplant?
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The best donor for a renal transplant is a living donor.
The best donor for a renal transplant is a living donor.
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What does the National Kidney & Transplant Institute handle in the Philippines?
What does the National Kidney & Transplant Institute handle in the Philippines?
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Which of these is NOT a symptom of chronic kidney disease?
Which of these is NOT a symptom of chronic kidney disease?
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The functional unit of the kidney that produces urine is called a ______.
The functional unit of the kidney that produces urine is called a ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a waste product produced by the kidney?
Which of the following is NOT a waste product produced by the kidney?
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The glomerulus is a part of the nephron that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine.
The glomerulus is a part of the nephron that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine.
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What is the normal GFR rate?
What is the normal GFR rate?
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When the GFR is less than 15 ml/min, it is considered ______ stage.
When the GFR is less than 15 ml/min, it is considered ______ stage.
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What happens to the electrolyte levels and fluid balance in the body with a decreased GFR?
What happens to the electrolyte levels and fluid balance in the body with a decreased GFR?
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Hyperphosphatemia can cause hypocalcemia in CKD.
Hyperphosphatemia can cause hypocalcemia in CKD.
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What are the possible causes of CKD?
What are the possible causes of CKD?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Hyperkalemia in CKD is caused by the reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete potassium.
Hyperkalemia in CKD is caused by the reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete potassium.
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The symptoms of CKD will only appear when the kidneys have already been severely damaged.
The symptoms of CKD will only appear when the kidneys have already been severely damaged.
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What is the primary function of the kidneys in removing waste?
What is the primary function of the kidneys in removing waste?
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What is the medical management for patients with CKD in early stages?
What is the medical management for patients with CKD in early stages?
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Patients with CKD should have a low protein diet to avoid further straining the kidneys.
Patients with CKD should have a low protein diet to avoid further straining the kidneys.
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What is the term for excess fluid build-up in the body due to CKD?
What is the term for excess fluid build-up in the body due to CKD?
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Which of these is NOT a sign or symptom of fluid overload in CKD?
Which of these is NOT a sign or symptom of fluid overload in CKD?
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CKD patients should take vitamin D supplements because their kidneys are not able to activate vitamin D.
CKD patients should take vitamin D supplements because their kidneys are not able to activate vitamin D.
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The medication ______ helps in correcting hyperphosphatemia.
The medication ______ helps in correcting hyperphosphatemia.
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Uremia, a condition characterized by a buildup of waste products in the blood, is a common complication of CKD.
Uremia, a condition characterized by a buildup of waste products in the blood, is a common complication of CKD.
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The buildup of ______ in the blood can cause itching in CKD patients.
The buildup of ______ in the blood can cause itching in CKD patients.
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What are the possible causes of sepsis?
What are the possible causes of sepsis?
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Septic shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's blood pressure drops significantly, and the organs start to fail.
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's blood pressure drops significantly, and the organs start to fail.
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Stress hyperglycemia can occur in sepsis due to the release of hormones such as cortisol, glucagon, and adrenaline.
Stress hyperglycemia can occur in sepsis due to the release of hormones such as cortisol, glucagon, and adrenaline.
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Which of these organs is the first to be affected in the progression of SIRS to MODS?
Which of these organs is the first to be affected in the progression of SIRS to MODS?
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Ventricular dilation, decreased systolic contractile function, and myocardial depression are some of the cardiovascular complications related to MODS.
Ventricular dilation, decreased systolic contractile function, and myocardial depression are some of the cardiovascular complications related to MODS.
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The dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier in MODS causes bacterial ______ into the blood stream, leading to further complications.
The dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier in MODS causes bacterial ______ into the blood stream, leading to further complications.
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Which of these is usually the main cause of DIC?
Which of these is usually the main cause of DIC?
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DIC is considered a primary disease.
DIC is considered a primary disease.
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Study Notes
Kidney Damage
- Eating excessive red meat, too much salt, and overuse of painkillers can strain the kidneys.
- Excess salt increases blood pressure, affecting kidney filtration.
- Colored sodas contain high phosphorus, which damages kidney vessels.
- A sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise) contributes to kidney failure.
Renal Failure
- Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure.
- Obesity also contributes to renal failure.
- Pyelonephritis (infection) can affect kidney function.
- Polycystic kidney disease results in multiple cysts damaging kidney function.
Integumentary Manifestations
- Bruising, pruritus, dry skin, and brittle hair may indicate uremia (buildup of toxins in the blood).
- Grayish skin or paleness also signals decreased blood flow.
Respiratory Manifestations
- Kussmaul respiration (rapid, deep breaths) is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis.
- Increased RR, and crackles may signal respiratory distress.
Cardiovascular Manifestations
- Increased heart rate compensates for decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (anemia).
- Abnormal heart sounds indicate possible damage.
- Potassium imbalance (hyperkalemia) can cause dysrhythmias as kidneys eliminate potassium.
- Diuretics, insulin, and dialysis help regulate potassium levels.
- Sodium bicarbonate helps balance acid levels.
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)
- Hemodialysis uses arteries and veins for filtering.
- Peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) uses a catheter and peritoneal membrane for filtration, performed routinely.
- Both methods filter waste and excess fluids.
Metabolic Acidosis
- Kidneys regulate acid-base balance.
- Accumulation of toxins leads to metabolic acidosis.
- Frequent deep, rapid breathing compensates for excess acidity.
Nursing Interventions
- Patients with kidney issues need proper hydration and avoid colored sodas and high-salt foods.
- Implement careful monitoring of fluid intake and output to maintain balance.
- Dietary changes (low phosphorus, low potassium, and high protein/low protein) must be monitored.
- Frequent weight checks and monitoring of potassium levels are crucial.
Medical Management
- Medications prescribed often include ACE inhibitors and ARBS for blood pressure control.
- Dialysis is used for advanced kidney disease.
- Kidney transplantation is sometimes an option.
- It is crucial to monitor vital signs (BP, RR, HR, and O2 sat) and fluid/electrolyte balance.
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Description
Test your knowledge on kidney health, including factors contributing to kidney damage, renal failure, and associated physical manifestations. This quiz covers essential topics relevant to maintaining kidney function and understanding related diseases.
